Overview and Analysis of the PAPA Model

Overview and Analysis of the PAPA ModelPAPA Model Today, the massive use of computer science tuition technology in the business universe of discourse and other intuitions has brought m any good issues and concern. Mason introduced four most crucial ethical issues of the information era on 1986 which are secretiveness, accuracy, property and accessibility foreshorten to PAPA. Masons PAPA model focused on the individual impairment which could arise from the unethical or misuse of information and information technology. establish on the Framework developed by Mason we can analyse and reach the conclusion on ethical issues emerged by the unethical use of information technology. PAPA model enlightens depth knowledge on what the Privacy, accuracy, property and accuracy office, how they are interrelated, what are their differences and how they help us to reach the conclusion on ethical issues.Privacy In general at a lower placestanding, concealing means the rightfulness to be free from secret scrutiny and to determine whether, when, how and to whom, ones person-to-person or organisational information is to be revealed. The privacy Act 1988 regulates how ain information is handled. The Privacy Act defines personal information asinformation or an opinion, whether true or non, and whether recorded in a material form or not, about an identified individual, or an individual who us reasonably identifiable. There are both main factors which threaten our privacy today, firstly growth of information technology with its capacity of scrutiny, communication, computing, retrieval and storage, and secondly the increased value of information in finish making.Accuracy It is the condition or quality of being true, correct or exact free from error or defect. Inaccuracy may cause detracting situation on persons life, organisations and business values. Here arises some question who should be responsible for accuracy and authenticity of collected information? How can one d ebate that the selective information will be correctly inputted, processed properly and presented to users? On what basis should we believe bugs in database or system and processing are not done with intention and occurred accidently. Who takes the responsibility for glitch in information and how the victim will be reimbursed.Property Property issues are concentrated on self-control and value of information. It to a fault seeks the repartee of few questions like, who is the owner of the information. What is the value of the exchange, and in which way the access to information or the recourses should be allocated? Here property means the intellectual property and its right. Once the intellectual property is provided somewhere or transmitted, it is complicated to keep the person as it becomes communicable and more difficult to be reimbursed.Accessibility its issues are concerned on who has the permission to access the information, who holds the rights or keys to access it, what data an individual or organisations are privileged to acquire with which risk-freeguards and under what terms and conditions?After going through the scenario provided and from my own research I consider, all four areas wear given rise to ethical issues for Joseph where some pass on higher level of the issue whereas other has a low level effect. Most importantly it gives rise to privacy issues followed by others.Privacy issues Josephs personal or we can say the very confidential information was compromised which could lead to very disastrous consequences, identity theft makes life miserable. If Joseph had given attention on lectures warning to them to be careful and vigilant while providing personal information to companies over the internet, he might be on safe side but rather he thought him old-fashioned and never thought some issues may arise while providing information to a beau monde like Sony. How can one decide on whom to trust? How much information can one give to others?Accu racy Issues Being the customer of Sony Joseph had right to get accurate and timely information, to whom he had provided his personal information to credit tease apart details with trust. Accurate information of personal information and credit card details being waded was provided only after a whole week of the incident following by other misleading and fake information. Though, the hackers couldnt do any misuse of data they might have destroyed everything in a week time customers could take precaution toProperty Issues When Joseph could not ready the backup file it gives rise to property issues. He bought games from Sony he collected trophies but did he really own that? Did Sony own the data that customers provided?Sonys data breach is one of the considerablegest data breach to date which has given rise to various concerns in the Sonys privacy policy and security measures. Though, other issues besides marked a question to Sonys management especially it has fueled to Privacy con cern. When an organisation gathers personal information of its customers, employees and other stakeholders they must assure the safeguard and security of those. Breach of personal information can be proved very dangerous and it has been proved in many drives, for example, Jessicas Story of the air scam. The main issue and the question arise to Sony is where they really serious on Privacy issues, had they meet all the privacy measures and followed the protocol. If they had done so how someone could hack and enter into their system. Breach of over 77million accounts including all the personal details and credit card of the customer was not a small issue. This issue gave a big question mark to Sony. The management took a whole week to inform its customer of the actual reason for shutdown of its network, which is questionable. If a breach does occur, effective intervention of the response is a key. This means planning and preparing for such an event in advance. A policy should be dr awn up, under which it is suggested that prompt notification is make to both the customers and the regulators. All staff should have data protection training appropriate to their role, and appropriate compensation, support and remedial plans should be prepared. Though it was Sony violated the privacy of its customer Appropriate technical and organisational measures shall be taken against unauthorised or unlawful processing of personal data and against accidental loss or decease of, or damage to, personal data.I find some statements made by Privacy commissioner Timothy Pilgrim questionable. He stated that Sony did have a case to answer as they did not intentionally disclose any confidential information is not surprising, simply put Australia has no real commercial Privacy or security legislation for Sony to breach. The fact that Sony did not show a duty of care and/or displayed a complete lack regard for the personal information entrusted to them by their clients is completely ignor ed by the commissioner. Sonys duty of care is to maintain appropriate IT security systems, policies and procedures to maintain client data confidential, private and open whether at rest, in transit or in a process. It is obvious that they did not take these duties of care obligations seriously until that proverbial substance hit the fan. disputation by Pilgrim Sony has now extra security measures to strengthen protection around the network platforms highlights its historical disregard for client confidentiality in their corporate culture and I do not think that any Australian Government officials should comment and try to forgive such obvious laissez-faire behaviour. Can he answer us, what reasonable steps Sony took to protect individuals credentials? Now, they actually created a CSO role. They didnt have this before? What fines were handed down for this breach? How can he show that legislation protects individuals information to overseas organisations? I opened this investigation because I was concerned that Australians personal information may have been compromised,Pilgrim said. However, his concerns were unfounded, with Pilgrim finding that the company hadnt breached the Act. Seriously, just why does Sony Corporation require our full date of birth? Year only should be adequate to verify a customer is over 18 probe further only if the year reveals someone turning 18 that year. As such, Sony should be 100% liable for any loss plus damages for emotional distress to any customer, their spouse and immediate family, in respect of any customer who has their identity was stolen and fraud committed. And also it has to be made clear that whether it identified a culprit in the intrusion. Guilty must be punished.