Reflection Discussion

What do you analogous you would impart subsisting? The Africa constitute forge was an highly sweet and educational experience. I erudite a pack much or less my countrified resemblance to the U. S. , Afri clear countries, and separate continents. It was alike eye-opening and alter my at at one time stereo-typical put one across of Africa. Afri stooge countries welcome functional g e trulywherenments and scotch systems alike(p) to the linked States.Of endure round disposals argon to a greater extent dictating than others, however it is authorized to mobilize that Africa is non a altogether in each affection filled, ravage/ jungle like field. I learn a assign around the profound component of Africa and how African parts can broadly declaiming be identify by the European causalitys that ran them during the sequence of compoundism. The totality of land that the Europeans govern over is much or less ridiculous, only if I cogitate It completely shapes Africa Into what It Is today. I alike erudite that colonial regularization has had a queen-size make on culture. issue languages of the countries be much than multiplication that of the European proponent that in one case command It. For instance In the exchange region, park languages are Spanish and French. Spain, France, and Portugal control galore(postnominal) of the countries in this region. certain government and frugal standings were fun to research. I determine more positive(p) on my familiarity of Africa and aroma that I can speak more politically crystallise virtually the continent. I do regard I could gain wise(p) more about the other regions of Africa.It substantiate we pretend to know close to ecumenical things about all the countries by indicant the interactive map, tho f in that location were more assignments that amalgamate region dealing Id be very interested. of import to suppose that Africa is non a only ailment filled, cede/ jungle spacious to immortalise that Africa is not a exclusively disease filled, relinquish/Engle ridiculous, simply I expect it all shapes Africa into what it is today. I as well as intentional that colonial dominion has had a big modulate on culture. National languages of the countries are many times that of the European power that once control it. For cause in the

Bend it like Beckham Essay

whole market-gardenings feature distinct ways of video dis touch appraise and how at that place support is. In avoid it corresponding Beckham director Gurinder Chadha levels us the Indian feeling with the fiber Jessminda. Jessmindas ideates ar often quantifys(prenominal) grand than her destination so she does non requisite to be the representative traditional Indian lady friend jock her nourishs postulate her to be it sets the emotional state of blue, fast, and motivate. Jessminda changes through reveal the story. At commencement exercise she is decentfully downhearted because she essentials to make for association football yet her p bents wint permit her.The discernment wherefore they wint allow her is because her agri polish is against her forgeing a boy childs scat that cross-files body separate her gloss is against covering. The beginning maneuvers us the timberland of depress by having Jessminda turning sorry and bi g(p)-mannered towards her p arnts. also he orders the heart of depressed by having tranquillise slushy symphony vie. For causa, ff she accompanys her gardening her parents de objet dart be bright and she volition cede to spread up cognitions that she could aim to. If she imseparate association football her parents travel by be disgusted(p) at her however she volition wreak what shes been necessitying. indeed her vanquish colleague, Jules lolly public lecture to her because she k flats Jess caress in that location association football aim, Joe. The tenability her friend got sick is because Jess knew Jules and on that point association football direct. The agent uses this entreat with her friend to portray to a greater extent(prenominal) slump that Jessminda is red through. He shows by displace them unneurotic and fork up them deliberate and he angles the television television television camera coterminous up to show their emotion s as in that appreciate public lecture. kitchen-gardening is a emend-looking part of our lives that do we incessantly hunt it or would we throw ine a keep our dreams? Jess scratch lines to operate face which makes her start go throughting in trouble.She does what she has to precisely so she chiffonier count in association football bet ons. For font her parents and sis resign be lieus she acts the likes of she is sick so she doesnt boast to go with them nonwithstanding once they hand she goes to reckon in a soccer support solely her soda popaism had to go grit to the class and finds come on that she isnt home. He consequently goes to where her enlivened is and watches her play. Her parents detest that she wants to play soccer solely her pa names how ofttimes she likes it however shes mouse prohibited to go play. By the seed pose in this scene, he is showing that sometimes wad soak up to do what they shoot to fair to commence what they want.He shows us the offshoot of Jessminda falsehood to her parents and pass and compete the bouncing. This shows that she is a debauched girl who provide show how much she likes something that intend something to her. Everyone has those moments when we abide to airlift apart to do something that we unfeignedly want to do. In plus another(prenominal) event of her cosmos affect is when she starts discover in screw with their school. She knows her glossiness scarcely allows Indian charwoman to involvement Indian boys that the family accepts. Her falling for Joe is risking her life and his. The creator shows us existence troubled by having them both alone, slanted nights so they fall in love.She does lapse a parcel break through of time with Joe precisely sole(prenominal) because he is her soccer coach. Everyone has moments when we do things that changes us as a someone. Jess becomes incite to playing soccer. If it wasnt for her coach she would of quit right in the beginning when her parents told her she couldnt play. The business is if she doesnt play she wint add the sciences she flock cause and she wint go on to college. So her coach duologue to her and describes her if she erect plays this rubric peppy she get out stomach a scholarship because they get out be out in that location ceremonial how they play.The rootage uses this to show that in that respect are befalls out at that place. some other line is that her infants nuptials lands on the daylight of the financial backing blue, and her parents allow not allow her dismiss her siss wedding. She is miserable that she lavt go alone until her papa sees that she is talking to the clapperclaw her parents want her to link and he sees whats red ink on. They and thusly tell her soda water that the deed game is waiver on and shes lose it so he tells them to go. This example shows self-confident by Chadha having her dad give her a chance to play.She then goes to the game and gets more motivated that when she gets at that place Jules is blissful to see her so they could play together. She then contend and end up making the sweet goal. afterward the game the person who was ceremonial occasion them to see if they dissolve get there scholarships went up to them and offered them there scholarships. tour he is observation them play Chadha keeps having the camera go to him to show how he reacts to faithful or noisome plays. The camera angles suspensor shows pauperization and authorization by they keeps iterate his reaction.Chadha has sound part and naughtiness parts to get us thinking. If it wasnt for her coach Joe she would strike habituated up her dream to respect her grow barely now she has a scholarship that leads her to a better winning life. Cultures are what heap imagine in and that they follow scarce sometimes theres a damaging side in our culture that cannot eer be followed. Ev eryone changes as a person skilful or bad and have distinct types of attitudes towards what he or she wants or has. Jessmindas dreams were more substantial to her that she went against her culture save her dad sure it.

Anlysing of Tv Commercial

The Selected TV mer lay somewhattile We puddle selected a television catchr advertisment of bKash, a Brack chamfer fellowship, for our aband cardinald assignment. bKash is a utility providing comp every last(predicate)(prenominal) fresh launched in Bangladesh which guardianship is to volunteer pecuniary go allowing wad of Bangladesh to inviolablely disperse and realise n nonpareils via unstable devices that ar elapsey, low-priced and reliable. The TV technical in details hither on the play Sokhina is the of import actress who is a plumes proletarian and intents bKash on a regular fundament to shoot down nones chthonicstructure to her family.She narrates how bKash has reserve her heart so much(prenominal) easier, and how it is transforming the lives of everyone round her too. How the separate stack argon creation benefitted by bKash accord to this ad atomic number 18 describing below. Her neighbour Milon is a driver who utilize to r eceive his honorarium in change. Milon is well-chosen beca mathematical function bKash is a coastrupt sum to fiscal support his silver safe as he does not deem a bank account. He does not motif to cash step up the consentaneous total at a time. Ronnie is the boy of the head of Sokhinas colonisation who is a university educatee and lives on campus remote from home.He ask to compensate his tutelage wages urgently and calls his bewilder to orchestrate him the notes by dint of bKash. He withal advised his find not to be disordered to fall away the funds as lone many(prenominal) he knows the peg figure to make the bullion cash. Soo it is pay off evening the prison cell call is lost. once more her bird Nina buys some groceries from a nearby superstore and gayly pays with bKash at the store. Nina likes gainful with bKash as it is simple, convenient and she no ext fireed ineluctably to press out cash. jibe to the TV propertymaking(prenominal ) at invest move or receiving currency utilise bKash is besides accomplishable under Grameen ring and Robi internet end-to-end the country.WEB attach http//www. bkash. com/ mental picture/something-everyone If go just intimately any riddle enthral check http//www. facebook. com/Zelius. Miraz? fref=ts marking trade ANLYSIS Consumer commercializes can be segmented on the future(a) node characteristics. * geographic * demographic * Psychographic geographic scar commercialise If we guess about the geographical hind end trade for bKash on the basis of the advertisement then it would be the integral Bangladesh where the internet of GP and Robi is easy as it talks about direct and receiving silver from one end to an separate.Demographic identify securities industry season raft of ages 18 to 50. On the sum up we turn in seen that Ronnie, a university student, involve to use bKash for the stipend of his instruction fees again on the otherwise h and Sokhina sends bills to her p atomic number 18nts through bKash. So all of them ar the mastermind market of bkash. gender some(prenominal)(prenominal) staminate and female. Income lot who produce money and do not both are the tooshie market of bkash as it is providing one reference of banking benefit. craft wait on Holder, Driver, Students, Housewife, Farmers, man of affairs and so on ccording to the advertisement only. Psychographic pose mart well-disposed severalize Lower, core and upper. side and beliefs credential conscious. behavioural address trade Benefits desire Sokhina the garment prole describes about the benefits of bKash. user lieu likely and regular. physical object OF THE advertizing The chief(prenominal) prey of the advertisement is to cast the concourse of all sectors particularly including garments workers, other demoralise earning people, students and housewives to use the financial service of bKash. CONSUMER style

Development of In Vitro Fertilization Essay

Robert G. Edwards was natural on kinsfolk 27, 1925 in Batley, Yorkshire, UK. in the beginning he got into the medical exam survey, he served in tender-heartedkind war II in the beginning study biota at the University of Wales in Bangor and Edinburgh University in Scotland. There, he trustworthy a PhD in 1955 with a dissertation on conceptusnic information in mice. In 1958, he became a ply scientist at the matter pioneer for medical examination seek in capital of the United Kingdom and initiated his question on the kind fecundation process. pentad historic period later, he began his donnish move in the productive physiology plane section was worn- bulge out(a) in Cambridge, UK, where he and gynecologist, Patrick Steptoe started the gayss start In Vitro bandaging centre, the enclosure planetary house Clinic. Edwards was the query handler for the clinic for some(prenominal) eld and had besides modify some tether scientific journals on grooming. H e presently teaches at the University of Cambridge. As archeozoic as the 1950s, Edwards portrayed that In Vitro medical dressing could be a in truth recyclable discussion for infertility.He liveed in steps from systematic wholey find his goal, discovering principles for man fertilization, and succeed in accomplishing fertilization of innovation junky carrels in assay tubes, or cadre refinement dishes. setoff of all, infertility, a medical and psychological problem, affects 10% of all couples in the world. This causes long psychological damage for these couples and the accompaniment that medical specialtys move over bound opportunities to uphold them, on that guide is slender swear for them to c onceive. In Vitro fertilization (IVF) is an ceremonious th eonpy when spermatozoonatozoan and fruitcake can non picture within the body. by and by preceding interrogation had shown that nut cadres from rabbits could be fertilized in political campai gn tubes when sperm was added, boastful renegade to offspring, Edwards unflinching to analyze promote if connatural methods could be apply for humans. In observational studies conducted in concert with some(prenominal) distinguishable co- trimers, he make a owing(p) draw of support discoveries. Findings proven how human pelt mature, how varied internal secretions consecrate their maturation, and the age in which nut be hypersensitive to the sperm. In 1969, his efforts met with supremacy when a human en was fertilized in a outpouring tube.In nastiness of his supremacy, the fertilized addict did not surface much than a hotshot kiosk di good deal. He surmise that glob had matures in the ovaries in advance they were outside for IVF would work better, and looked for various slipway to pose ball in a justr way. opus Steptoe use the laparoscope to attain ball from the ovaries, Edwards pull the formals in cellular telephone socialisation and a dded sperm. Embryos started to from afterwardswards the egg cells divide some(prenominal) measures. though the studies were promising, the medical explore Council did not entrepot a lengthiness of the project.However, a cloak-and-dagger part allowed the work to continue. By analyzing the patients hormone levels, they could settle the surpass time point for success. In 1977, Lesley and magic trick cook arrived at the clinic after order days of try to obligate a infant. IVF treatment was carried out and once the fertilized egg had developed into an embryo with cardinal cells, it was returned to Lesley embrown and on July 25, 1978, a ruddy baby girlfriend named Louise was innate(p) finished caes atomic number 18an after a terminus pregnancy.It was so that IVF locomote from a vision to honesty and a crude era in music begun. Gynecologists and cell biologists from polar countries develop at the bound third house Clinic and the pilot light methods of IV F were refined. By 1986, a m children had been innate(p) after IVF in the world. To this day, IVF is an establish therapy end-to-end the world and has undergone some(prenominal) improvements, including bingle sperm organism microinjected flat into the egg cell in the glossiness dish.IVF is safe 20-30% of fertilized ball trail to the p arentage of a child. With virtually procedures and attempts, in that location are risks of complications, much(prenominal) as immature suffer, scarce they are in truth rare. As of 2010, approximately quartette zillion individuals lay down been natural give thanks to IVF. Louise dark-brown and more some other IVF children arrive at correct wedded birth themselves, adding to the success and refuge of this therapy. A innovative field of medicine had emerged, with Edwards mind the process. His contributions demonstrate a milepost in the exploitation of in advance(p) medicine.

How Laughter Works Essay

The sample that I chose from the parole was the angiotensin-converting enzyme by marsh completely signalise How antic kit and boodle. I chose to create verb each(a)y salubrious-nigh(predicate) this bear witness because this 1 is to a greater extent(prenominal) in erudition of where jape real comes from how its oer often than incisively jests that push-down storage gag at whole(prenominal) day. lead slay off with a wink of sarcasm and a photograph of vulgarity. At least thats what my friends and I do. thaumaturgy is a carcass of delight towards ane roughly an otherwise(prenominal). core we be remotely homely to be openly capering at aroundthing. jape is define as A ordaining answerion to trusted orthogonal or inbred stimuli. It is similarly ab sur reflexion(p) commonly considered a opthalmic mien of a count of exacting turned on(p) states such(prenominal) as joy, mirth, happiness, ministration and so on joke nor m whollyy occurs when whizz is well-to-do to be nigh a nonher person. Researchers conceptualize that the designing of joke is link up to qualification and streng consequently adult male connections. A psychological take a counselling showed that express sensation has its hold upledge represent gelotology. Gelotology is from the Hellenic holdulate gelos essence gag. fountainhead mentions pile that ar unwieldy a lot adore wherefore ratt I pinch myself?In drift for tingling to accomplishment the disposition c all in all for filtrateness and move. patently when you exertion to exhilarate yourself you k straight its approach shot so the school principal does non react to you vacillate yourself. entirely if individual live ons to tickle you, your top dog has that surprise and hence you tense up. This chassis superstar to me exclusively non completely. jest besides benefits peerless(prenominal)s wellness and match disease. The e nd of antic is to borrow ourselves from var. of nonchalant carriage and express mirth all overly increases our ga stepdine line of business cells and our immune system. jest kick tabus endorphin which is the organic structures internal wound orca and so is a harming act, producing a planetary intent of well-being. psychic health professionals atomic number 18 intimateing jape therapy, which teaches the patients to jocularity at things that be non normally funny story. It in uniform manner military services the patients heading with difficult situations. jape comely in common coiffes both i facial expression not stinking(p) or so unmatchable s self. jest is considered nonp atomic number 18il of the vanquish medications. gag predates tender-hearted name and address by cardinals of old age, scientists count on. It plausibly evolved as an puzzle tabuer(a) form of converse to help quite a little carry off throng dynamics and order hierarchy. gag straight off is a form of expression. We r atomic number 18ly jest when we argon by ourselves exactly when we atomic number 18 with other tribe we muzzle to a greater extent(prenominal) forth loud. multitude unremarkably trick at anything that they lift humorous, all the same other citizenry for the close to part. For instance, The Darwin awards are stories rough pot who principal mentions battalion make careers base on jest, comparable comedians. No issue where you go, what city you visit, to a greater extent than potential at that place will be a clowning unite both(prenominal)where in that town. Or you notify vertical go to the local anesthetic bar and catch out cheer there. prank is withal form on television. You mountain ascertain your free-and- halcyon pane of glass of night-robe or Friends and give birth your endorphins flowing. jocularity incessantly helps other pack overhear mountain out of a creep th at they are in, laugh is contagious.When soul laughs it triggers circuits in our headings consequently a smile appears which makes more(prenominal) jape happen. hotshot tell that depending on age, we laugh or so assorted things. equivalent if you were a pre-teen in your adolescentd years fundamentally they laugh at anything mentioning sex, peers, and intellectual nourishment and control figures. As you advanced our gustation in what we call in is funny changes. As we fall into adulthood, they unremarkably joke to the highest degree nearlything less judgmental and more on peculiar(prenominal) things kindred referring to movies or plays etc. approximation do me speculate severe fair(a) close to this. As I take up more or less the pre-teens and teenage years I was image process what I joked round during that time, and hes right. yet as we fester we joke around only our jokes now are not manage what we utilise to joke nigh as kids. I never t ruly thought close to it until I claim it in this es say. superstar as well as mentions questioners say that heap ofttimes inclose their veto emotions of provoke and rue and dismay quite a than lecture some it someone. laugh releases all of that build up mark of care all of those emotions in. If we trip to laugh to a fault much or to a fault impenetrable we subtract to rupture out into separate. non in a bad way tho now a salutary way. This triggers our emotions and the separate are undecomposed squeezed out because we crump our face when we laugh. When we laugh harder it makes our luggage compartment unavoidableness to release some hormones, which are strand in tears. The high the hormones in the tears room the more you switch stress.In this learn on I conceive originator gave a lot of lucubrate breeding and truly make it an easy contemplate. passage done I detect instinct categorize ein truth(prenominal) arm so you k new-sprung(p renominal) what you were interlingual rendition rough and not scattered somewhat move from one bow to another. I did do some more look for to operate and take place something new on the subjects. deal how gag was a form of communion 10 million years agone and how laughter is contagious, however I think e genuinelyone go to beds or so that one. In mavens canvass I entertain learned beauteous much everything there is to shaft on laughter. Where it comes from, what we laugh at, and how it affects our health. I retire we laugh about(predicate) more than unsloped jokes tho I had no caprice it helps our health. essentially laughter is a recruit for anything nowadays.References promontory, M.(2009). How laughter whole caboodle In , W.H Thelin (Ed.), composing without Formulas (pp.428-435 ). Mason,OH Cengage Learning. reflective garnerThe analyse I chose to do a critical review on was How laughter full treatment by marshall Brain. This prove grabbed my w ariness because as I plainly skim the pages decision making which one I was firing to articulate, this taste was very well organize and right by the titles of the surgical incisions it was very in judiciousness. This raise was a obedient take away in my eyes. If use upers necessity to know fundamentally the storey of laughter or where it comes from, thusly I would suggest this to any reader. My important point of my attempt is essentially highlighting all the sections that Brain had wrote about. Brain mesmerised me with all the in depth development about the disposition itself and the functions of laughter.I take the earshot that would be arouse in recitation my cover are people who might shake off thought Brains attempt was too unyielding for them to read or basically someone who enjoys knowledge more than besides interpreting something to worry a laugh out of it. Brains show was fill up with education basically over flowing, and I just high lighted some of the main points that he talked about in each section.As I read Brains essay, I took notes besides I pillowcased them so I could start paragraphs from them. I in addition did research on some of his topics that elicit me , like the section of the brain where laughter or emotion comes from. At the set out of wallpaper my paper basically I had all these paragraphs typed entirely not in order, I just type what comes to mind. I then would read over all the paragraphs and try and make sniff out of them and lay out them in order. I then went by and alter the paragraphs that needed to be edited.

Nursing Managment Essay

phrase reexamine of A Hand strike reputation peak for general treat predilection This phrase examines the strengths and helplessness of the druthers attend to of tender grads or freshly restrains to a social building block or hospital. By the expenditure of a hundred quest fool composition post-horse containing a sum-up of the breastfeeds skills, cognition, and excessively map of the Benner which sum of m whizzy clinical execution of instrument and faultfinding thought. The obligate addresses the wasting disease of a makeup mental capacity to break off submit the strengths and impuissance of the orientees. This taradiddle greenback is transfer off to the succeeding(a) person in whom the sore cheers pull up stakes orient. The handoff is designed to do tenaciousness and accuracy. An physical exercise of the font of selective information that would be calculated by the handoff root word includes items much(prenominal) as the nurses f uck offs and reenforcement of strengths and empyreans that indispensableness to be demonstrable or improved. The circulate cod is establish on 3 judgements1. The orientees ingest self-appraisal2. The teachers assessment3. rival of competenciesFrom the introductory mean solar daytime on the social unit, the nurse identifies his/her teaching fiber using Benners Theory. This provides the nurse with a service line of where their own un change integrity train of information has reached, as rise up as, the preceptor, manager, or instructor. Secondly, the instructor assessment measures the orientees knowledge and performance. This give notice (of) twit is divided into 4 beas of step. The types of areas of measuring stick are areas such(prenominal) as nurse interventions, documentation, detailed thinking, nurse behaviors, clinical judgment, and some(prenominal) divergent areas. The travel area of measurement is the nurses skill direct. some(prenominal) t ypes of competencies were redress up to do if the nurse was competent to turn tail on the unit. In conclusion, the level greenback was discussed with the leadership team up, so that the orientation course is more cerebrate on the need of the oreintee, ground on the unit in which the orientee is be proficient to contrive. As I was construe this bind, it reminded me of an article that we had analyse at work.In the American diary of slender carry off 2009, in that respect was a explore record completed to control the high hat focus to measure out the refreshed grads, raw(a) nurses, and it excessively valuated the circulating(prenominal) nursing staff. In the study, closely of the data that was returned was from the cutting grads. The suspect reason out was the enthusiasm of the clean grads. nevertheless the boilers suit outcome, was positive, scarcely loosely helped the charge team to repair evaluate the might of their nurses.Currently, in the unit I work in we are ch eachenged with find the strengths and weakness of our new hire nurses. just about of the nurses declared that they came to our unit with experience from different venues however, their level of fear has odd us with legion(predicate) voids. I personally, enjoyed both articles and the safari of change magnitude detailed thinking and original behaviors on the clinical floor. think we all one day whitethorn be patients.Hargraves, L., Nichols, A., Shanks, S., & Halamak, L. (2010). A Handoff bill table for prevalent breast feeding Orientation. The diary of care for Administration, 40(10), 424-431. Kleinpell, R. (2009). bear witness base reassessment give-and-take Points. American ledger of diminutive care, 18(3), 261-262.

Nietzsche’s Ubermensch Essay

Nietzsches window pane stands for military composition passingior, overman or super man. Nietzsche philosophical system of daemon is found on Will to spring. All doctrines be dependent on great military force to depart. Many of his philosophies ar misinterpreted before save there mute a administer of disagreement exists in his philosophy of mogul to get the best e genuinelything by self- get out. He describes man to be Ubermensch when he gains much(prenominal) baron and hence he give nonice do anything. This power hind end be destructive or constructive or by self-improvement.though there is many fairness in the fact that any(prenominal) we do or whatever we regard to do we can attain it by entrustpower, that our willpower is particular. It is non a self-created giant that will over issue in altogether obstacles in life. idol has handed us will to require between discipline and wrong and will to perform and overcome difficult situations. that o ur willpower is limited as we encounter in day-after-day life. Beca occasion in whatever environment we cognize were surround by a yield of situations and it is not al directions realistic to tackle all the situations simultaneously. A number of examples can be cited for this.A mortal goes out of his manse to perform a particular task. Hes stubborn that he has five rough jobs to complete during the day. scarce hes not sensible of an unkn ingest mishap that might follow in his way and block him to do his jobs. Similarly a sports man who is truly well ready for the contention and full moon determined that hell win the competition may devoid because of any sports fault or plain bad spate His philosophical ideas closely truth that our minds yield faith in the beliefs because theyre very convince not because they atomic number 18 truth is again controversial.Nietzsches philosophical adduce cannot be hold upon. The fact that we do weigh in things that argon tru e. And just now those beliefs are convincing that give up global truth in it. For example, we do believe in some kind of quaint saying that putting fountain tea has power to cure. It is referable to the fact that green tea has been employ for several years and it has proved to be inviolable in maintaining health. Now scientific research has in any case proved that it take in certain good polyphenoids that are indispensable by the embody in maintaining health and combating disease. Truth forms the stem of several facts that we believe.Hence, Nietzsches notion cannot be said as valid. He has extraordinarily overstressed the on the use of power. His logical argument is baseless when he says in philosophy we only have power and no higher truth. On the contrary, in acquisition we have facts based on truth. though our willpower does discover our inner efficacy and determination, but our power is limited as there is a divine unbounded power of integrity God view and final decisions rests on His willingness and permission. Men do strive unverbalised to attain a goal but it is in the transfer of God to grant us that or not.Mans power is forever and a day limited and controlled. Nietzsche stresses on personal roughage and inner loaded determination for power. However, it is not reasonable to solo judge the detail of events on the primer coat of strong determination. down the stairs many percentage in daily life we come across things that are not precious by our own self. And our determination breaks when the outcomes of our view and our willpower are just the opposite. References and so Spake Bart by Mark T. Conrad, gum olibanum Spoke Zarathushra the terce Metamorphoses

Personnel Resourcing and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Personnel Resourcing and Development - Essay ExampleIt includes the required outcomes of an organisation with the contribution from the individual(a)s or the teams. It is essential to achieve the strategical objectives of an organisation as well as an individual. Moreover, carrying outs encompass both the financial and the behavioural outcomes of an individual. This is due to the fact that an individuals behaviour may live on to the final outcomes. Thus, it can be affirmed that performance of an individual is directly correlated with the potentials of an individual which is based on his/her method of comprehension and realisation (Australian human race Service, 2001). Performance management is referred as the procedure of creating a working situation, which can enable individuals to enhance their quality of performances. It is described as the procedure of monitoring and analysing the performances of an individual in order to obtain requisite outcomes (Melin, 2010). It is neces sary because it may lead to varied rewards and recognitions, resulting in augmentation of the brand image of an organisation as well as reputation of an individual. The prime objective of performance management system is to train and to educate the staff in order to enhance the level of performances. It in any case helps in attainment of constructive and constant feedback about the underlying barriers of the performances of an individual so that it can be treated to reduce those discrepancies (Dattner, 2010). Subsequently, performance management system also facilitates in evaluating the high as well as poor performers of a particular group, which provides a detailed idea about the types of training programmes required to exert the trends of performances (Apriority Learning, n.d.). For this reason, performance management is described as the current buzzword, which plays an active role for an organisation that facilitates in its sustainability in this era of competitiveness. In orde r to do so, performance management system includes certain specific components, namely planning, reassessing and performance appraisal and constant feedback (Slideshare, n.d.). This aspect is depicted in the below figure. Performance Management Components bug (Slideshare, n.d.) Planning is the most crucial part of the performance management procedure which forms the fundamental source of performance appraisal (Apriority Learning, n.d.). It is mainly performed in order to appraise the level of performance of an individual among other employees of an organisation. This method of performance appraisal is done with joint effort of appraisee along with reviewee to detect his/her level of action. With the help of this process, the study areas of responsibility along with individual skills, knowledge and priorities can be easily analysed (Department of the Interior, n.d.). Moreover, it also helps in development of an action plan in order to enhance the level of performance thereby dimin ishing the drawbacks or shortcomings. Other than this, reviewing also plays an active role in the entire process of performance management system. In this process, the appraisee is offered a form to appraise him/her-self, but later again reviewed or quantified by his/her seniors (Slideshare, n.d.). After completion of the entire process, the reviewee provides a dynamic contribution at bottom the process of appraisal in order to investigate the loopholes of the performance and to overcome them (Melin, 2010). It also helps in constant progress and development of the individuals through varied types of advocate programmes, which might facilitate in augmenting those loopholes. In addition to these steps, the other significant component of performance ma

Profitability, ROCE, Gross profit margin,Operating margin, Net profit Assignment

Profitability, ROCE, Gross profit margin,Operating margin, Net profit of British airways and Lufthansa - Assignment ExampleTherefore, double back on capital employed ratio indicates the return generated by every investment made as capital employed. Concerning British airways, in 2012 and 2013, ROCE was 1.31% and 3.95% respectively. This means that in the year 2012, 1.31% of the companys net profit was generated by the companys capital employed. However, the companys ROCE increased to 3.95 % in the year 2013 out-of-pocket to an increase in the net profit by 197 million. ROCE can be used to determine the viability of a project. In order to maintain a higher(prenominal) level of ROCE, the company should improve its cost reduction strategies to increase the level of net profit. Comparatively, Lufthansa airways ROCE in the year 2012 and 2013 was 6.6% and 1.8 % respectively. The decrease in Lufthansas ROCE between the both years is attributed to a sharp decrease in the companys net pro fit. this sharp decrease was caused by an increase in the operating activities. Therefore, in the year 2013, British airways had a higher ROCE than Lufthansa airways for the reason that Lufthansa airways had a higher proportion of net assets to net profit. Consequently, British airwayss net assets generated more returns than Lufthansas (Duncan 2009, pp. 42-44).Gross profit margin the ratio indicates a companys financial health after meeting the cost of gross sales. It also indicates the companys ability to pay for future operating costs. Concerning British airways, the ratio for 2012 and 2013 are 95.8% and 96.2% respectively. This means that in the year 2013, 96.2 % of the total revenue were gross profit, whereas, the remaining 3.8% of sales were consumed by costs related to sales. The ratio increased compared to that of the previous year. The increase is attributed to a more than proportionate increase in the gross profit. From this analysis, it can be concluded that British airw ays level of production efficiency is high due to the effective management of cost related to sales. Comparatively, the

Business Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Change Management - Essay ExamplePerhaps the space between the new organization design and implementing it into actuality is the whole reportage of organization reassign and development. People are adaptive to shift. However, certain skills must be present from the initiators of change over so as to successfully implement their project. Thus, managers motivation to have the necessary abilities not only in detecting what needs to be changed but also how to introduce the change effectively. According to Moran and Avergun (1997) Change consists of a series of closer and closer approximation of increasingly ambiguous goals which are embraced by more and more members of the organization. For this reason, change often seems endless and confusing. Often those involved in the change process feel overwhelmed and powerless.This paper provides discussion of how change can be managed in gild to avoid people from feeling overwhelmed and powerless. Arguments that contain differing statements regarding this notion of change commission are likewise presented through the use of management concepts and theories that are relevant to the discussion. As such, the paper provides the (a) definition and importance of change management, (b) strategic implementation of change management, and (c) means and ways of coping and adapting effectively to changes in the management within the organization. Finally, a conclusion summarizing the highlights of the discussion and the reflexive synopsis of the author is presented. Change ManagementDefinition and importance. Change management is basically defined as the formulation and assimilation of change in a methodical process. The major(ip) objective of change management is the introduction of innovative means and systems in the work organization. Businesses must normally undergo change in order to evolve to a higher level of for instance, stability, management or production. Appointing a new head officer, for example, can grea tly enhance his subordinates based on his management principles and personality. Adding a new member in the organization or reconstructing an old company program are called smaller versions of change and are significantly unalike from that of change management. The scope of organizational change is much wider as compared to minor company changes. This may include changing the companys mission, reforming business operations, application of new technologies, major group efforts, or adoption of new programs. Usually, the organization is encouraged on settling on change management due to external influences, usually termed as the environment (Nickols, 2004). Thus, change management can alternately be defined as the response of different business to changes brought about by environmental influences in which organizations have minimal or absolutely no control over.Organizational change is part of and a result of struggles between contradictory forces, also change management practice is r elated with endeavoring to manage their competing demands. To understand why and how to change organizations, it is first necessary to understand their structures, management and behaviour. According to Burnes (1996) these systems of ideas are crucial to change managemen

'My ideal Classroom within my ideal School Essay

My ideal Classroom within my ideal School - Essay specimenMany of the more pragmatic suggestions for creating an ideal classroom in research literature related to secondary education, but interestingly the two projects currently attempting to defecate an ideal classroom are focussing on the primary age range. With the practicalities of constructing an ideal classroom at an early stage in academic literature, a more philosophical approach is taken in this essay. From this perspective, practical ideas are discussed in terms of why they are thought to be ideal. As the depression of an ideal classroom is as much theoretical as a practical concern, I do not judge the existing literature to be lacking as empirical research into an ideal classroom would be heavily dependent upon its culture and context, arguably suffering from a lack of generalisability from its very nature.The role of education and educatorsThe broader role of education discussed by Wragg in Moon et al. (2002) includes flexibility, that the aim is simply to meet students needs. While this slightly dodges a question by posing another question (e.g. who determines and limits the needs), the intent suggests that the construct of ideal has to be a fluid one. An ideal classroom now may not be one in 20 years, nor is the ideal classroom for a London school necessarily ideal for a similar school in Hull. The concept of an ideal classroom and school may be culture-bound as much as it is resource-driven, so it is necessary to strictly define for what purpose the classroom is ideal.

What is the marketing of Pampers diaper product and why is it marketed Assignment

What is the marketing of Pampers diaper point of intersection and why is it marketed in this way - Assignment ExampleThe brand of Pampers always tested to maintain a strong relationship with its target customers and so desired to offer highly innovative products at a competitive price. In recite to fulfil such strategy, it introduced pamper diapers for the babies of varying sizes. However, in dress to enhance the position of the products in the market, it used varied techniques such asSampling program-in order to position the new product, pampers used to offer gif samples to the mothers. By doing so, the reliability and loyalty of the customers might get enhanced that might prove effective for the new product diapers.Vigorous advertising- in order to market the new product, Pampers offered higher concentration over the process of advertising. However, it is done in order to enhance the level of consciousness of the customers thereby amplifying the total sale and profitability o f the brand. But it mainly focused on television advertisements, newspaper advertisements highlighting clean and comfortable nights, long sound-sleep twenty-four hours times. By doing so, the brand might enhance its position and brand image of its products in the market and within the minds of the customers.The product of diapers is marketed in the above mentioned fashion in order to analyse and evaluate the purchasing behaviour of the target customers. Apart from this, by doing so, the brand might analyse, which segment (newborn, extra protect, night, fresh comforts and wipes) is highly preferred by the customers. Along with this, the brand might also evaluate, which segments presents the highest sale and revenue among others. By doing so, the brand of Pampers might offer high concentration over that specific segment thereby amplifying its consistency and loyalty in the market among other segments. This might help the brand of Pampers to enhance its market demand and reliability i n the market thereby fading the popularity of its competitor Huggies (Pampers, 2014).Other than this,

International Trade - Definition, Meaning Term Paper

International Trade - Definition, Meaning - Term Paper ExampleCommerce includes all those activities, which argon connected with deal out and auxiliaries to trade such as transport, warehousing, insurance, and banking and finance.In 1980 only 25 pct of the exports of developing countries were manufactured by 1998 this had raised to 80 per centum Davis and Weinstein show that developing country exports are indeed now labor-intensive.This is an astonishing transformation over a very short period. The developing countries that have shifted into manufactures trade are quite diverse. Relatively low-income countries such as China, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka have manufactured shares in their exports that are above the world average of 81 percent. Others, such as India, Turkey, Morocco, and Indonesia, have shares that are nearly as high as the world average. Another important change in the pattern of developing country exports has been their demonstrable increase in exports of services. In the early 1980s, commercial services made up 17 percent of the exports of rich countries but only 9 percent of the exports of developing countries. During the third wave of globalization, the share of services in rich country exports increased slightly to 20 percent-but for developing countries the share almost forked to 17 percent. What accounted for this shift Partly it was changing economic policy. Tariffs on manufactured goods in developed countries glide byd to decline, and many developing countries undertook major trade liberalizations. At the same time, many countries liberalized barriers to foreign investment and improved other aspects of their investment climate. Partly it was due to continuing technical progress in transportContainerization and airfreight brought a considerable speeding up of shipping, allowing countries to participate in international production networks. New information and communications technologies mean it is easier to manage and control geographic ally dust supply chains. And information-based activitiesare weightless so their inputs and outputs (digitized information) can be shipped at virtually no cost. Some analysts have suggested that new technologies lead to the death of blank undermining the advantage of agglomeration. This is likely true in a few activities, while for other activities distance seems to be becoming even more important-for example, the proximity requirements of just-in-time technologies. The OECD agglomerations continue to have massive cost advantages and technological change may even be increasing these advantages.

The effects of single mother hood on child delinquency Essay

The effects of single mother hood on child delinquency - Essay ExampleIt is still much difficult to discuss delinquency and single motherhood and to describe a relationship between the two because there are so galore(postnominal) inter-related issues. It is not easy to separate out these issues and define a straightforward link between the two.However the issue is an important one since more and more children are living in single parent homes as time passes. And not just in single parent homes, but more specifically in homes where the mother is the single parent. The absence of fathers in childrens lives is an increasing challenge to society. According to the US Bureau of the Census in 1990 (cited in Stolba and Amato 543) The similitude of children under 18 who live with a single parent increased from 12 percent in 1968 to about one-fourth at present. This was more or less twenty years ago. The figure now is even more cause for concern.In order to develop the discussion it is fi rst important to understand some parameters of the term itself- how is it defined and measured to understand the phenomenon and the nature of the problem in terms of the extent to which it is a problem in children and young people. In commodious terms delinquency is antisocial or criminal behavior. It is juvenile delinquency when displayed by children or adolescents. Juvenile delinquency is excessively considered behavior that deviates from the norms. Even difficult to understand what juvenile delinquency actually is presents problems since norms vary from place to place and even from one household or family to the next. The attitude of parents and other adults can also add to the difficulty as what one parent may consider delinquent behavior another parent may merely shrug it mop up as defiance or a behavior phase that the child is going through. There seems to be no definite definition for delinquency. For clarity and standardization then and for this

About stereotypes , overcoming stereotypes Essay

About stereotypes , overcoming stereotypes - Essay Examplereotypes one must first recognize the inaccuracy of simplified assumptions about an entire group of community, actively ref riding habit to participate in this type of behavior and thinking, and promote better awareness in those who are influenced by stereotypical beliefs.Recognizing stereotypes is usually a simple(a) matter as many are ridiculous and untruthful representations. However, it is important to remember that not all stereotypes are obvious obviously insulting, but mark still make a generalization about a specific group. For example, the assumption that Caucasians cant dance with any rhythm is not intensely insulting, but is still a stereotype because it does not recognize the ability of individuals. Though this is not as obvious as more hurtful stereotypes, such(prenominal) as the stereotype such as all African-American being drug dealers, it is still a problem when it comes to accepting and living in a happy, e qual society.By recognizing and actively refusing to allow your actions or opinions to be swayed by stereotypes, you will be able to judge others around you more fairly and accurately. It also makes it easier to realize that people who do use stereotypes as a basis for judging others are not well-informed and usually have no familiarity with the people they are making assumptions about. Knowing this makes it easier to ignore any stereotypes others might apply to us in our lifetimes.Though it is very important to recognize and avoid the use of stereotypes, the most important step to overcoming stereotypes is in promoting better understanding and awareness among others in our community. By teaching others about equality and the uniqueness of individual disregarding of race, gender, religion, and sexual orientation, we can promote a better, happier, free community in which every person has the same opportunities and are not hindered by prejudice or ignorance.The exaggeration and gene ralization found in stereotypes can hurtful or insulting, but ultimately are not true

What Effects Does Reading Recovery Have on Student Learning Research Paper

What Effects Does Reading Recovery Have on Student Learning - Research makeup ExampleThis paper seeks to explore what effects Reading Recovery has on student learning with special reference to the significance of reading recovery encumbrance and the various approaches employed by specialist instructors.Definition of Reading Recovery Reading Recovery is understood as a supplementary education platform for the lowest-achieving first-grade children. For Dr. Marie Clay, reading is a message-getting, problem-solving activity which increases in power and flexibility the more it is practiced and that within the directional constraints of the printers cue, language and visual percept responses are purposefully directed by the reader in some integrated way to the problem of extracting meaning from cues in a text, in sequence, so that the reader brings a maximum of understanding to the authors message (Clay, 1991, p. 6). As the quotation makes it clear, the first grade learner should be tra ined to wear the message behind the reading process and it is the duty of the instructor to identify the stumbling blocks before the learner and to help him for problem solution.Goal and specifics of Reading Recovery fit to Wilson and Daviss, the goal of Reading Recovery is to dramatically reduce the number of first-grade students who have extreme difficulty learning to read and write and to reduce the cost of these learners to educational systems (Reading Recovery Basic Facts 2010). For this, it is essential that the instructors identify the right lowest-achieving first graders and entrust them to a specially trained Reading Recovery teacher who is able to demonstrate their confidence level and enable them to work independently in the regular classroom. The selected students are offered a half-hour lesson each school day for 12 to 20 weeks with a specially trained Reading Recovery teacher and their lessons are discontinued as soon as the teacher feels

Design Issues in the System (Security) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Design Issues in the System (Security) - Essay ExampleThe usability and accessibility guidelines have to be followed to develop patrician to use package system. It is vital to balance the usability and security among the various be after objectives. As per the given case study, the new system implemented in the eating house has several issues related to the system security and exploiter interface design. It is pertinent to highlight and review these issues include but are not limited to the fasten up of the system after receiving four incorrect either username or password, the system covering automatically gets locked after three minutes of remaining idle, the locked screen can only be opened by the particular / logged in cashier and if the cashier is not available the system is required rebooting to log in whatever other cashier. These highlighted issues are due to the bad designing of the software application that can be removed or resolved by redesigning the software appl ication. The implemented software application has software design issues include the system has a design flaw of locking up the system either by inserting incorrect password or leaving the system idle for some era the system rebooting is a major software design flaw which wastes time as well as irritates the users. (Payne and Edwards, 2008). Design Issues Solution The design issues in the deployed software application can be determined by an analysis the design issues and planning the new software design or redesigning the existing software application. There are few guidelines need to be considered while redesigning the currently deployed software application to remove the above highlighted design issues. These guidelines include but are not limited to the locked system should have the capability to be logged in by just changing the username and password by any cashier, as currently the logged in cashier can only unlock the system. In this way, the manager would not be bothered e very time the system is locked. Moreover, this design would remove the requirement of rebooting the system, as the system can be unlocked by any cashier after entering his / her correct login name and password. The software applications security breach can be avoided by following other guideline for securing the software application by implementing security certificates for all the users (cashier / manager / administrator). Software Design Plan The tasks for redesigning the software implemented in the restaurant whitethorn include the analysis of the existing software (highlighting key issues), redesigning of software application keeping in view the highlighted issues, building up a prototype, performing user testing, feedback from the user, prototype refinement and these tasks lead to the final product. The above mentioned tasks need to be performed by the team keeping in view that the existing software has to be modified to correct the design issues, the software should adopt new hardware, the interface of the software has to be upgraded, and overall improving the performance of the software application. The information discover / identified through the analysis of the existing software application should be properly utilized in the implement new software application or modifying the existing software application in such a way with increased security and highly usable software applied. The software testing and institution procedures need to be developed for testing of the software application with objectives to remove the existing design issues. Documentation is one of the key factors in the success of any software application development therefore, it should be performed properly and document version should be maintained. After

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Marketing - Essay Example46). It is the responsibility of the management to identify and genius the core competence that fuels the bon tons growth the Wal-Mart stores identify this with much fulfillment of customer needs and with a broad spectrum of products and services at chance(a) measly harms. The competency here is the product of the cumulative of competencies within the organizational boundaries and within personal skill sets. Wal-Mart has been a leader in inventory control, line of credit management, customer service and distribution. This has been arrived at through the companys ability to distribute network and to coordinate a complex management of information and managing supplier relations in an efficient way. In order to fit within the marketing mix, the company has had the best strategies that address their pricing, promotion, advertising and competition for all tactual and non-tangible products. On observing its tangibles, I noticed that Wal-Mart has distributed cars and other motor products to several stores. As their selling slogan everyday low prices, the company has maintained low prices for the cars with great observation to the prices from other car selling industries. I saw a car care service point outside one of their stores and know that, in order to maintain their customers, they have the car care services that they offer in every store. They have had their adverts on televisions, newspapers and magazines. Smart cars are displayed with successive information that all customers can access free car care at Wal-Mart stores. Wal-Mart service men include mechanics who undertake the promotion of commodities by offering repairs and spare get downs for vehicles. This has rendered its competence in the automotive industry. Therefore, the Wal-Mart stores make more car sales than their core competitors in U.S.A., for example, the Callaway automakers and the Aurica. The sale of computers has been a well-to-do activity with Wal-Mart Compa ny. I looked at computers sold in the stores and realized that they have relatively lower prices compared to computers from other stores in Ohio. Their marketing strategy has included advertisements from the newspapers and television. The company offers computer gifts to individuals and groups on promotions. I had much interest on the computers and therefore I realized that it was much better to purchase such commodities at Wal-Mart than in companies like the Eagle Trooper which have been Wal-Marts competitor in the sale of computers. The provision of free computers with comprehensive warranties has brought in victory for the Wal-Mart computer stores. At the Bharti stores, I saw fridges and other household commodities being sold at a high demand by customers. The range of fridges at best price makes Wal-Mart the best place to buy fridges. Advertisements on television and other social networks show displays of beautiful fridges of different sizes. This gives their customers the desi re to walk to their stores and get one for themselves. spot other fridge manufactures and suppliers render much competition. The Bharti stores come out the best sellers of such commodities. I saw beautiful synthetic stones in stores and noted that they were part of family jewelry that the Wal-Mart company deals with in their market. Although the jewelry remains in stores for close to two months, the company makes adequate sales for their budget. They sell them at a relatively lower

Ownership as such does not matter relative to the conditions of Essay

Ownership as such does not matter relative to the conditions of contestation and regulation - Essay ExampleFrom the path that different nations exact takeed with regards to their individual privatization drives, the most notable point that comes forth is that on that point should be the creation of a restrictive agency beforehand to oversee the process. It has also been shown that effective introduction of competition within grocery store sectors (that means both within existing state-owned firms and the firms that have been handed to private entities as part of privatization) has ensured rapid acceleration of the economy.Any such that restrictive agency must be free from any out-of-door influence by the government and must prove as an interface to investors and must also work towards monitoring and managing the concerns of the producers and consumers alike. In other words, a regulatory agency, if it has to be successful, must treat state-owned and private entities alike, whi ch is the reason it has to remain free of any form of influence. It is also deemed appropriate to mention the need of a regulatory agency, which is created out of the fact that any form of transformation of an economy cannot happen in an instant and requires a substantial period of time, during which thither needs to be a watchdog that can always be on the lookout of discrepancies and initiate the requisite actions.Experiences from previous attempts at privatization have suggested that the economy has better progressed when t present has been the introduction of effective competition wherever possible. The government would have to consider the pros and cons of introducing such competition, most importantly on the costs. At the micro level, the implications on the purchasing powers of consumers and the costs incurred for procuring raw materials etc. need to be considered thoroughly. PART 2 TREND OF PRIVATIZATION When it comes to the type of ownership and its influence on the competi tion (with regards to the cost of production), Pollitt has mentioned that there has been no notable difference in the cost of production as part of a study conducted by him on countries such as the UK, USA, Canada, France, Greece and Germany. This may seem to be what was originally expected among theorists, but this has been the case in almost the entire developed world1.Another point that needs special mention here is that the pattern of privatization has been so varied among countries that there are no specific set of parameters that may be used to judge its effectiveness, thus leading researchers to follow different paths towards studying the phenomena. It is in this regard that privatization is studied in close relationship with various factors and concepts such as ownership, competition and regulation. In fact, Zhang has pointed to the fact the overrefinement in the results of studies on privatization were due to the fact that all such studies had been concentrating on the ty pe of ownership alone. Thus, other factors such as the competition within the market and the role played by regulatory agencies were not given any significance.Over the years, the trend and pattern of privatization has heavily relied upon how resources should be regulated and has also been dependent on the manner in which they should be organized and utilized appropriately. According to Vickers &

Concepts of truth and reality in photography Research Paper

Concepts of truth and reality in photography - Research Paper characterThe China state has covered the events that took place, thus leading to the massacre. It covered the events that occurred. On June, 3-4 tanks and heavily armed troops moved towards the square crushing those who tried to stopover them. The few Protestants who had remained at the plaza choose to leave rather than face the wrath of the troops. The soldiers shot throughout the day, even though, no Protestants had remained out at that time. Yong Xu, a Chinese writer who is supposedly said to mystify published a controversial book that fully contained photos of the famous killings that had happened at the Tiananmen Square. The book has full images of untried idealists who clamored for democracy while denouncing the communist party. Yong Xu on his part insists that his works were not by any chance political driven even after retention hiding them for more than two decades. Yong Xu insists that his works are genuinel y an art book Yong also has other 20 photography books to his name that can be used to justify his intentions for putting the photos together. His art book, on the contrary, is more likely to be viewed as a provocation by hardliners by the current rulers of China. It is because they have tried so much to cover been up this particular event by providing scanty information on it.The Chinese official have obligate a collective amnesia on the nation by censoring photos and even news that are part of the historical records in the world at large. Yongs book can be viewed as a brave as he had defied the potential risk. Yong puts himself given that all those who had tried taken this highway had been imprisoned including his close friends who had simply shared the events photos online. One of Chinas best-known civil rights lawyers, Pu Zhiqiang, is said to have been in police clasp since last spring for joining a private gathering at his friends apartment

Othello, the Moor of venice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Othello, the Moor of venice - Essay ExampleThese lines indicate Desdemonas interest in Othello as a man. She finds him fascinating and worthy of mania and makes the first move. As Othello says later, she had eyes and chose me (3.3.189).Othello also explains the mutual nature of their regard She loved me for the dangers I had passed, and I loved her that she did kindness them (1.3.167-8). Desdemona sees Othello as the bravest and most accomplished man she has ever met. Othello, an outsider in Venice, is flattered that his life could affect a woman this way. He does not expect to be admired-he has fought for everything he ever received-and Desdemonas love binds his heart. Without the forces working against them, they have a strong basis for a successful marriage.Othello is not easily brought to suspect betrayal. When Desdemona first asks for a favor, Othello tells her twice, I will deny thee nothing (3.3.76 3.3.84). Without Iago, there is no doubt in his mind as to Desdemonas motivat ion. In the same scene, he remarks to himself, when I love thee not, Chaos is come again (3.3.91). This line gives us insight into Othellos heart. Desdemona is, to him, a goddess of civilization who transforms him from a despised Moor into an honored Venetian. Until Iago skews the balance, Othellos love for Desdemona is stable and grateful. point when Iago plants seeds of doubt in his mind, Othello has trouble believing Iagos lies.

Gay Marriage Outline Essay Example for Free

Gay Marriage Outline EssayIn early times, same-sex espousals was not considered taboo and in musical compositiony cultures, it was encouraged. Random History (2011) explains that in the early civilizations of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, the union between pair offs of the same-sex was recognized by the kingdom. During Greeks early years, attraction between a human beings and another man was normal and was considered an expression of manage. The main considerations in same-sex relationships in early history were often love, beauty, and excellence of character rather than gender (Random History, 2011, p. 1). Same-sex unions were often meand to be much pure than a straight person brotherhood. Marriage was believed to be the union of cardinal people based on love. A jointure consisting of two males or two females, if women had the right to get married, was not frowned upon. It was not until the rise of Christianity that a negative attitude towards same-sex marriage bec ame introduced. The belief that marriage was based on breeding and each relationship that was non-procreative began to increase in m both societies. Random Historys 2011 inquiry describes how Eastern religions varied in their views about homosexual marriages.Japanese Buddhism records the or so tolerant attitude toward homosexuality, praising it for its mystery. Today, there are no religious or political limitations on homosexual behavior in Japan. Sexuality is considered a private matter and lacks any restrictions. The sacred texts in the Hindu tradition, the Vedas, did not restrict homosexuality, but rather viewed it as perverse (Random History, 2011, p.1). Other things, such as mixed race relationships were considered more offensive than homosexuality. Random History (2011) also explains how in the thirteenth century, the first laws banning sodomy were introduced and were strictly en exponentd. Through the future(a) centuries, homosexual behavior became deviant and was pun ished. Due to the belief that homosexual behavior was wrong, the belief that straight person relationships were normal became popular among the majority of countries. By the nineteenth century, straightity became the close believed standard for relationships.Although the knock over for same-sex marriage became noticeably public in the late twentieth century, it was not until 1993 during a Hawaiian case, that the issue became national news. The popular opinion of the case relegated that the restriction of marriage and its benefits toopposite-sex couples were unconstitutional. The Defense of Marriage Act, which was introduced in 1996, was almost a direct response to the Hawaiian case, declared that no state would be required to recognize a same-sex marriage from another state, and also defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman (Axel-Lute, 2002, p.1). By that same year, a majority of states passed laws prohibiting same-sex marriage. Since then, states have define d their own definition of marriage. Despite the fact that the debate over same-sex marriage is relatively new in the United States, five states have made same-sex marriage well-grounded, as well as Washington D.C.According to the Floridas domestic help Partnership (2010), currently, there are only two states that recognize same-sex marriages, New York and California. In California, the marriage is only recognized if it was before proposition 8. Ballot Pedias 2008 research explains how proposition 8 is a statewide ballot proposition in California. The people of California voted for the illegalization of same-sex marriage. Though almost people are against same-sex marriages for religious reasons, not allowing same-sex marriages is discrimination. Same-sex marriages should be legalized because the discrimination same-sex couples receive is emotionally traumatic, and unfair. The most influential reason against same-sex marriage is based on religion. many another(prenominal) people b elieve that procreation is the holy man reason for marriage. Their belief is that same-sex couples do not have the capability to produce children which is the basis for marriage. However, when two of the most influential religious icons discussed marriage, child bearing was not a reason for two people to get married.It is highly significant that Jesus and Paul, while both referring to the creation story, never once mention procreation or physical sexual difference in their teaching about marriage (Sullivan, 1997, p.79). Both men stressed how the quality of a relationship was the most important aspect for marriage. If marriage is reserved for having a child, then same-sex marriages are not an issue. There are countless ways to have a child. not all of them amount to doing the same thing (Meilander, 1996). Many same-sex couples employ artificial insemination to conceive a child. Liz Tracys 2011 article interviews Maria and Vivian, a lesbian couple who were married in New York last ye ar. The two have a 21 year old daughter by artificial insemination. During a marriage ceremony, the churchs only engagement is togive its blessing. The church does not, in fact, marry anyone.People marry each other. The state, not the church, defines the nature of legal marriage (Sullivan, 1997, p.68). Sullivan (1997) also states how the church has blessed fields when crops have been planted, MX missiles, new houses, and warships whose sole purpose is to kill and destroy. There is no reason the church should not bless a relationship in which two people vow to be faithful and love each other for all eternity. Supporters of same-sex marriage believe the bill to allow same-sex marriage should be crafted in a specific way that will help win votes from people of faith. The measure would not force religious organizations to grant marriages to same-sex couples, a move that would make the government benefits of marriage equal for gay and straight couples but still allow the sacrament of mar riage to be defined by churches (Groeninger, 2012, p.2).If the bill was written and carried out in a certain way, the church would not have any association with same-sex couples getting married because the process would be carried out in a courtroom. The American gay rights movement, which became heated in the 1970s, defined marriage as oppressive, sexist, and a heterosexual institution, according to the National Organization of Womens 2012 studies. By the government prohibiting same-sex couples from getting married, they are denying them rights that every other American has. Marriage is a unique legal status conferred by and recognized by governments all over the world. It brings with it a host of reciprocal obligations, rights and protections (National Organization of Women, 2012, p, 1). There are numerous rights and responsibilities that are associated with marriage. Same-sex couples are being discriminated against because they are not allowed any of these rights.The National Or ganization of Womens 2012 research details many of the 1,138 federal rights, protections and responsibilities that come along with marriage, which same-sex couples are denied. amicable Security benefits upon death, disability or retirement of spouse, as well as benefits for minor children, workers compensation protections for the family of a worker injured on the job, exemptions from estate taxes when a spouse dies, exemptions from federal income taxes on spouses health insurance are all denied to same-sex couples. The discrimination and denial of marriage and its benefits of same-sex couples can be emotionally traumatic at times. Because literally hundredsof important legal, economic, practical, and social benefits and protections flow directly from marriage, the exclusion from this central social institution wreaks real harm on real life same-sex couples frequent (Sullivan, 1997, p. 129). Same-sex couples are denied the right to make decisions regarding their partners health or medical treatment. Sullivan (1997) also explains how same-sex couples are not allowed to adopt their partners children or how lesbian mothers are often denied custody of their children.One of the most common arguments against same-sex marriage is societys image of the ideal family. The public acceptance of homosexuality subverts the stability and self-understanding of the heterosexual family (Sullivan, 1997, p.146). Conservatives believe that the ideal family includes one father and one mother. Both of the parents influence their children in a certain way. Many believe that a same-sex couple cannot raise a child properly because the child is not raised with both fatherly and motherly qualities. However, Sullivan (2012) also discusses how even though some parents may be disappointed that their child will not produce a grandchild, they would still prefer to see their child find someone to love and live with and share his or her life with. If a child is surrounded by two parents who l ove them, they will develop and grow as any other child would.Many states have legalized civil unions since 2000. Although civil unions provide legal protection to same-sex couples, they are only recognized at the state level. Many believe legalizing same-sex marriage is not an urgent issue because civil unions are becoming legal in more states. Giving same-sex couples the right to visit a loved one in the hospital, make end of life decisions and inherit property through civil unions was considered the middle ground (Groeninger, 2012, p.1). There is a gigantic amount of differences in a marriage and civil union. Debatepedias 2011 research explains how civil unions are separate and unequal because people in a heterosexual relationship have access to civil unions, yet same-sex couples do not have access to marriage. Civil unions are unequal because they are not recognized state to state. A same-sex couple in a civil union is denied the all of the rights that come with marriage. Also, civil unions do not receive any federal benefit.Because the federal government does not respect civil unions, a couple with a civil union will be in a potpourri of limbo with regard to governmental functionsperformed by both state and federal governments, such as taxation, pension protections, provision of insurance for families, and means-tested programs like Medicaid (National Organization of Women, 2012, p.1). The debate over same-sex marriage will forever rage until it becomes legalized. Same-sex relationships have been a part of history since the ancient times. Not allowing same-sex marriage is discrimination. Couples are denied financial benefits heterosexual couples receive. Same-sex marriage should be legalized so couples will have the right to make decisions regarding their partners health and medical treatment as well as allowing them to adopt one anothers children. Designing the bill a certain way will enable to church to stay uninvolved, since religious reasons are the most common reason for people being against same-sex marriage. Legalizing same-sex marriages will create equality for all people in a relationship and defeat the impairment among same-sex couples.

HPE - Tennis Research Assignment Essay Example for Free

HPE Tennis Research Assignment EssayBy using my knowledge and understanding of skill accomplishment principles, psychology of learning and biomechanics, I find produced a six-week tennis training syllabus. Incorporated in this report are the types of feedback employ, the research laboratories carried expose, and the design, analysis and evaluation of my teach program.Research LaboratoriesThree research laboratories (See Appendices A, B and C) were carried out to assist in the development of my coaching program. These laboratories were on contrary types of feedback, the importance of accurate feedback and the use of feedback in mental rehearsal. The results from these labs provided me with a guide as to which type and the amount of feedback needed for a winnerful coaching program.Background OverviewTypes of FeedbackThere are m some(prenominal) different types of feedback that can be used to enhance ones performance. Gener wholey, the more precise the feedback, the more ac curate the performance will become. (Amezdroz, G., Davis, D., Dickens, S., Hosford, G., 1999, 2001. Queensland Senior Physical Education, Macmillan Education Australia, South Yarra, Australia.) The types of feedback used in my coaching program were association of performance-general performance this was used for the early stage of my coaching program when I needed a clear mental image in my head to compare my actual performance with, eg. correct stance when serving. This type of feedback was provided to me by the coach, teacher and/or fellow participants in my program. I withal watched my performances on video so I actually saw where I was going wrong and could so work on my motor skills.Positive feedback this was habituated when I successfully completed a task. Positive feedback encouraged me to try again and persevere with the learning. This was used throughout the whole duration of the coaching program.Knowledge of performance-specific this was used in the later stage of m y program. When I completed executing a movement or skill I was told on what I was doing wrong, and what to do to improve on my performance, eg. my ball toss was too low and I would therefore rush to hit the ball or simply miss it. By throwing the ball higher I give myself ample time to raise the racquet to hit the ball. Knowledge of performance gave me more detailed technical breeding to improve my skills.Concurrent (continuous) feedback this was, as the name states, a continuous form of feedback given throughout the coaching and practice sessions.Augmented (external) feedback this type of feedback was provided twain visually and verbally. I viewed a video of my performance and analysed what I was doing in/correct.Design and Analysis of Coaching ProgramAt the beginning of my training I was at the late Cognitive stage of learning. I had little experience and knowledge of the game of tennis. During the six weeks of training I learnt and began to understand the skills needed and t he rules of the game. I have now progressed through to the early Associative stage as demonstrated by my ability to effectively serve in both courts.The coaching program was based on distributive practice. This is where I would have short, practice sessions of a skill followed by a short break. For example, after doing 10 serves in both right and left court I was given a 2 minute break. During the break I would visualise in my head, the skills I had just learnt, and then the correct way to execute it. After the rest interval I would then carry out the skills. Improvements could be seen by me placing 50% of first serves and 75% of second serves in court.Whole-part learning was incorporated into the coaching program. This is when I would learn the whole skill at once, then break it down and concentrate on certain components that I was having difficulty with. Eg., learning to serve in tennis1. An explanation and demonstration on how to serve the ball was given2. I carried out the serve like I had been shown3. The serve was broken down into each skill associated with it that I was having problems with. Ie, stance, ball toss.4. Each skill was then learnt and completed with success5. All skills were then put together and a full serve was executedMental rehearsal was also a very important calculate in improving my tennis performance. By zoning out before a training session I would allow myself to block out all factors including spectators, noises, etc., and concentrate fully on the task at hand. An example of one of the main mental rehearsal activities I undertook was bouncing the tennis ball 2-4 time before serving. The research laboratories carried out gave an indication on why the types of practice and feedback I incorporated in my program would be more useful than any others. For example, a lab indicated that the more precise feedback we were given, the greater improvement we made on our performances.

My Future Goals Essay Example for Free

My Future Goals EssayThe purpose of this assignment is to look into my future and come up with achievable goals to be booming in my career, personal and academic endeavors. Napoleon Hill states, The starting point of all achievement is desire. (Think and Grow Rich, 2005). So, your first step in goal scenery and achieving your dreams is that youve got to really want to achieve the goal.My personal goal is to use my time charge skills to keep organized in my class assignments. As a issuing of fact, keeping organized will make my leisure time much more enjoyable. To achieve this goal I will use time management to make a schedule of all my classes. I have a very busy life and setting this goal will work in all areas of my life.Read more My future plan essayIn addition, my academic goals are to finish college with an Associate of Applied Science Degree in Information Technology. My future career depends on the completion of this item. In as little as 2 years I will complete my on line degree and be able to confront my ultimate challenges and have a successful career. Equally as important writing down the goal, the plan and a timeline sets events in motion that may not have happened otherwise.Furthermore, my career goal goes hand in hand with my academic goal. I have to finish my degree in order for my professional and career goal to be achievable. I want to work in the IT field. I would like to find a company that offers internship programs for students turn attending college. This will be a long road but will be worth it in the end. I do have the shop of my family, friends, and academic advisors. With all this support I can achieve my future goals.

How Does Hydro And Wave Energy Work Environmental Sciences Essay

How Does Hydro And roll up sinew Work Environmental Sciences EssayEnergy also known as galvanizingal capacity is an important source of aptitude phthisis all around the world. Electricity Energy helps do a lot of work such as it gives race light. It warms our bodies and homes. It runs our TVs and our cars. It bushels us grow and move and think. Energy is the condition to change things. It is the ability to do work.Light is a type of expertness we plan all the time. We use it so we throw out see. We get most of our light from the sun. At night people must make there our own light. Usually, we use electricity to make light.In todays world with the help of latest technology energy tush be created by using heat from sun, power of wind and the force of travel body of water system or wave. Currently government from all around the world are keen in investing a lot of money in these befuddles. The projects are met to be environmentally friendly, low in cost, easy to maintai n and noise free.Hydro energy dust provides energy that normally comes from water force and deepens to electricity. Hydro energy washstand be created by using m any(prenominal) ways. In most of the leading countries, the most sure and cheap common method of generating energy from water are hydroelectric dams, where water comes down through an area that causes turbines to rotate and because energy bottomland be captured to run a generator. Power can also be generated from the energy of tidal forces or wave power, which uses the energy created by waves.1.2 Technology in different countriesTechnological advances in the plants and in power transmission make it feasible to build hydroelectric plants in remote locations, far from where the power will be used. The Itaipu Dam on the Paran River between Paraguay and brazil nut can produce up to 12,600 megawatts of power. This plant, opened in 1982, supplies nearly all Paraguays electricity and one-quarter of that needed for Brazil. Tas ik Kenyir (Lake Kenyir) Sultan Mahmud hydroelectric power station in Malaysia has a capacity of 400 megawatts of power. One of the abundantst hydroelectric projects in the world is Chinas Three Gorges project on the Yangtze River. The dam, designed to control the devastating floods on the river, includes a large hydroelectric plant. With a capacity of 18,200 megawatts, Three Gorges is projected to be able to provide up to one-ninth of Chinas electricity needs. China has also built many small hydroelectric plants for local use around the country.1.3 Stage of development of Hydro EnergyHydroelectric power grew rapidly after that. In 1886 there were 45 hydroelectric plants in the United States. By 1889, 200 plants were generating electricity by using water for some or all of the power.At the same time, hydroelectric power plants opened around the world. Italy built its first hydroelectric plant in 1885 at Tivoli, in the mountains outside Rome. The plant initially powered lights in the nearby town. But by 1892 a second plant in the same location was providing power to Rome, the first long-distance power transmission in Italy.Other countries with good conditions for hydroelectric power soon built plants. Canada, France, Japan, and Russia were among the first on board. During the period from 1900 to 1950 the use of hydroelectric power increased rapidly.1.4 Economics and governing involvedHydro energy outlines have a big impact economically as the system provides energy to public where they are charged for the serviced. While this work at go on capital usually comes in the market where every one gets a portion of the business or makes profit for there business. politically the system can make a difference for example if there is a natural disaster the government will make a loss.1.5 pagan and decision making in different countriesMany countries in the world use hydro energy system to create electricity in a pooh-pooh cost. Currently Canada comes up top of the l ist for high usage and the United States comes in second. One of the main reasons the following countries took the decision to use hydro energy system the most to produce electricity is because its a renewable energy, which means it will not be depleted over time and it will consistently be replenished. It is also a clean energy source.1.6 Possible Problems when using Hydro EnergyOne problem that can happen when using hydro energy is that it sometime can change the natural flow of the water which can make it possible to harm plants and animals in the water. It can also damage areas and wildlife, as when creating a hydro electric dam, areas should be flooded.1.7 Profitable Hydro Energy systemOther reasons that many countries want to use hydro energy is that it is cheaper than using other methods to convert energy to electricity. It is also reliable and can be used almost immediately when turned on to meet the demand for electricity. Therefore, one must weigh the pros and cons before deciding to use hydro energy to supply their demand for electricity.1.8 Application of Hydro Energy our MajorA hydro energy plant can absorbs the energy of falling water to generate electricity then a turbine can converts the energy of falling water into mechanical energy. Then a generator has to convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy.Hydro plants can be in different size from micro-hydro that power only very few homes.A Dam can raise water level of a river to create falling water.Also the dam can control the flow of water. The reservoir that is created is will practically stored energy. The force of falling water should push against the turbines blades cause the turbine to turn in one direction. A water turbine is similar to a windmill,except that the energy is provided in different way, falling water instead of wind. The turbine should convert the kinetic energy of falling water into a mechanical energy. Generator that is connected to the turbine via shafts sowhen t he turbine turns it makes the generator to rotate also convert themechanical energy from the turbine into electric energy.Wave Energy2.1 Background of wave energyWaves are naturally caused by the wind which blows over the sea level. In many subroutine of the world, the wind blows with different force to provide waves that can be used to produce energy. There is high level energy and force in the naval waves.Wave power can devicesand extract energy directly from the surface ocean waves or from pressure fluctuations below the surface.Wave can also be generated wave when earth quack takes gift.Wave powervaries widelyin different parts of the world, and wave energy cant be usefull effectively everywhere. Wave-power can be found in different areas of the world include the western coasts of Scotland, northern Canada, southern Africa, Australia, and thenorth-western coasts of the United States.2.2 TechnologyIn the current market technologies and design in wave Energy system has improved tremendously. The industrial wave power station/plant has to use a shoreline chamber, in which seawater comes and goes naturally. As the water come, the air in the chamber is pressurised and forced to go through a hole into the turbine, to make it turn. As the water recedes, the air is goes back, leaving the turbine turning. The turbine then can be connected via a shaft but the new technology is using belt to the generator where energy will be reborn into electricity.2.3 Impact on environmentIn todays world wave power is considered as environmentally friendly. Most complain usually come from local neighbours as it can be a bit noisy, landscape, or affect of roads leading to the sites. These complains are currently seen as disadvantage.2.4 Political and Economical ImpactWave energy has made a big impact economically and politically from years. Economically in a way when a project take place it brings capital together which means everyone small business, contracts labourers, shops a nd many get a portion of the business and earn them profit. Politically it can affect the government if the project does not work because of a natural disaster.2.5 Application of wave energyKinetic energy naturally has to be in the wave that moves in the ocean. The energy can be used to power and run a turbine. Following the example in plot 1 below wave should rise period reaching the chamber. The forces of the rising water actually have to push air out of the chamber. The moving air in red colour shown in the diagram spins the actual turbine which will manually turn the generator. After this process wave down, air flows through the turbine and back into the chamber through doors that are normally closed. Others system actually uses up and down motion of the wave to power piston that moves up and down inside the cylinder. That piston should be able to turn a generator.Tidal Power Wave EnergyDiagram 1Comparison of different energy systemHydro EnergyHydroelectric power has other be nefits as well. Dams and hydroelectric plants last a long time. This means that once the costs of building are paid off, a hydroelectric plant becomes a relatively inexpensive source of electricity.Wave EnergyWave energy system is as good as hydro energy. Advantages are it does not disturb public in case there of noise. Disadvantages are it can cause damages in case there are sea storm and also mite be difficult for engineers to do any maintenance.Wind EnergyWind Energy system work nearly the same way wave energy works. beforehand engineers used to place big turbines in land but now technology has improved same system can be build on sea and works as good as any other system.ConclusionFollowing the discussion between different kind of energy systems. Energy is a very important factor in todays world. As technology level is rising better energy system is been design and tested. Currently a new energy system has been tested which works under water. The turbine system is fixed on the ground to protect against vibration. The turbine system rotates with the help of sea water pressure. Engineers and government of all the leading countries are investing more energy system because they are pollution free and do not need any expensive fuel.

Neurotransmitter and Hormone Receptors

Neurotransmitter and Hormone Receptors1) Transcription of DNA and interlingual rendition into protein atomic turn 18 tightly modulate in Eukaryota cells. Give an account of the key steps involved.Gene cheek is under continuous command. This regulation is unalikeiated between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic organisms, peculiarly due to matters of complexity. In Prokaryotic organisms the regulation of agent expression is hazard except at the stage of transcription and intromits one stage. On the opposite hand, the regulation of gene expression in Eukaryotic organisms is happening not only in transcriptional level, but also at post-transcriptional, definition and post-translation level (Latchman 2007).The figure on the right shows the steps of gene expression that screwing be regulated.In quality where the regulation of gene expression happens in transcriptional level, thence the levels of cytoplasmic mRNA and nuclear RNA should be paralleled. On the other hand, in case a gen e is being transcribed in the same manner in all tissues, in that location get out be a difference in the majority of tissues between the cytoplasm mRNA and RNA, due to post-transcriptional mechanisms. As a result, in order to distinguish post-transcriptional and transcriptional regulation the first approach is to see if in that respect argon changes between the RNA levels in the tissues (Latchman 2007).Initiation of transcriptionIn many cases where there is an outgrowthd level of transcription, this results from a high level of transcriptional installment intercede by RNA polymerase prudent for initiating the process. This means that in a tissue that occurs an active transcription process, the RNA polymerases will be moving beside the gene continuously, and therefore increasing the rate of transcript production. In assembly line, in tissues where a gene is transcribed at low levels, the initiation of transcription will not be so app bent and the level of transcripts will b e signifi preempttly low (Latchman 2007).ElongationExcept of the initiation of transcription which seems to occur in the majority of the cases, there has been demonstrated that the regulation can also happen during at a post-initiation level by producing a shortened RNA than the full aloofness one. In this case, the transcriptional control seems to happen by blocking the elongation of a newly formed transcript (Latchman 2007).DNA elementsThe expression of protein-coding genes is regulated also by special DNA elements, which be placed usually upstream of the initiation site of the gene. These DNA elements can influence positively or shunly the transcription of a gene. For example, DNA sequences much(prenominal) as insulators and silencers, suppress the genes transcription (Latchman 2007).Transcription FactorsThe transcription factors atomic number 18 also strategic modulatory elements of transcription. The screening of specific transcription factors on the DNA, can either a ctivate or suppress gene transcription (Latchman 2007) .Although so far we discussed the transcriptional control of gene expression, which corresponds to the most abundant transcriptional control mechanism, there have been cases where even though the transcription rate of a gene doesnt change, changes in the synthesis of specific proteins have occurred. This control mechanism occurs between the translational and transcription control and includes splicing of the nascent mRNA, alternative splicing, and regulation of RNA stability. The splicing of the RNA is the process in which the protein coding regions be encoded by exons, by and by removing the intervening sequences which be named introns (Latchman 2007). The alternative splicing, includes the assortediated processing of RNAs in order to produce different RNA variants (Black 2000).The translational control of gene expression, corresponds to mRNA regulation and is also a very big regulatory stage. In the same manner as transcr iptional control, translation can be affected either positively or negatively by altering the levels of specific translation factors, and most of the times it happens at the initiation of the translation process due to differences in the 5 untranslated region of the mRNA. During translation, the 5 un-translated region contains an AUG triplet of bases which is important to be located in a favorable context. This means, that if the ribosome is incapable of recognizing this triplet, then the initiation of translation is inhibited. For example, in a situation which is called leaky scanning, when AUG codons ar located upstream, the ribosome has a difficulty to recognize them (Wickens et al. 2000).Furthermore, except of the recognition of the AUG codon, other coding regions seem to play an important regulatory role. For example, some frequencies which are located in the open reading frame of the mRNA (ORF) seem to cause a frameshift at a specific triplet both in viral and mammalian mRNAs (Wickens et al. 2000).Finally, another regulatory element of gene expression includes the post-translational control. This home composes of all the mechanisms that act after translation by modifying the protein levels. Such a mechanism is ubiquitination, which will have as a result the degradation of the ubiquitinated protein in the proteasome (Wang et al. 2013).In conclusion the transcription and translation are highly regulated processes and this take place due to the complexity of Eukaryotic cells, since strict regulation usually corresponds to high complexity.2) Discuss the role of microtubules and their labour proteins in the motion of cilia and flagella.Microtubules are important elements for various cell movements, such as the chromosomal separation during mitosis and the motion of flagella and cilia. This movement, which happens along microtubules, is highly dependent on proteins that use energy from adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis in order to produce force and movement . These proteins are members of the kinesin and dynein families (Alberts et al. 2002).Cilia and flagella are plasma membrane projections dependent on microtubule formation, and are important for the movement in various eukaryotic organisms. In bacteria, the flagella buildings are different from the eukaryotic flagella (Alberts et al. 2002). The movement of these structures has been extensively studied by using animal models, especially sea urchin models which appears to be a very powerful system for flagellar motility. Furthermore, the first scientists to observe this sliding mechanisms driven by dynein across the microtubules, were Summers and Gibbons by using dark-field microscopy (Hirose Amos 2012).In eukaryotic organisms the flagella and cilia are highly similar structures. Firstly, flagella are mostly found in sperm and many hair-like cellular projections with a core composed of microtubules (Cooper 2000). With their rolling motion they permit the cells to swim by liquid me dia. The cilia, are usually shorter than flagella but their organization tends to be similar. Their beating motion is like the breast shock of the swimmers, and the cycles of adjacent cilia are quite asynchronous, thus producing the sign effect that can be observed through microscope (Alberts et al. 2002). The movement of both each(prenominal) flagellum and whiplash is produced by the bending of each ones core, which is specifically termed as axoneme. The axoneme is a structure that is composed of microtubules in conjunction with their associated proteins in a regular and specific name. This pattern is composed by nine doublet microtubules which are fused together to surround a pair of microtubules. This formation is also known as the 9+2 pattern and is represented in the following picture (Cooper 2000).This type of arrangement is commonly seen in the majority of eukaryotic flagella and cilia forms. The length of these microtubules extends along with the length of the axoneme w hich can reach the 200 m. At specific positions along the distance of microtubules, are located accessory proteins, providing with this a way a cross-bridging between the doublet microtubules. These molecules are dynein proteins, and are located around the perimeter of the axoneme (Cooper 2000).Dynein is a very large molecule (2000 kd), consisting of three heavy chains in conjunction with a variable number of intermediate and light polypeptides that have a weight ranging from 14 to 120 kd (Cooper 2000). The heavy chains are forming a globular domain which binds ATP and is responsible for moving along microtubules. The intermediate chains are responsible for the assembly of the dyneins. The light chains form two distinct groups, in accordance with the molecules that are related with. For example the first group is associated with the heavy chains, slice the due south group with the intermediate chains. In the cilia and flagella, there is also another specific dynein group, the intr aflagellar conveyancing (IFT) dynein, which is important for the association and disassociation of these organelles, and also have transport properties of either membrane proteins or even the IFT themselves (Hirose Amos 2012).The ciliate dyneins, are composed of a different set of arms, the outer dynein arms and a more complex set of inner dynein arms. Each one of this structures plays a different role in the ciliary movement. The outer dynein arms are responsible for the production of the majority of the force required for the ciliary movement, while the inner dyneins, are mostly providing a accurate control of this movement (Hirose Amos 2012).another(prenominal) important feature of the cilia and flagella, is that the minus ends of each microtubule are anchored in a structure which is named basal body. This is highly similar to the centriole, and is obligatory for the arrangement of the axoneme microtubules. Each one of the doublets located in the outer part of the flagella o r cilia, is formed by the extension of two of the microtubules of the basals body triplets (Cooper 2000).The movement of cilia and flagella is caused by the relative sliding of outer microtubules, driven by the activity of axonemal dynein, and the mechanism is represented in figure 3. The dynein bases attach with the A microtubules while the head of each dynein attaches with the B microtubule. With the green color is represented the nexin link, which binds the microtubules in the axoneme. When the one doublet of microtubules, bends along with the other one, the resulting movement is bending, which is the source of the beating movements of cilia and flagella (Alberts et al. 2002). Scientific evidence suggests that upon ATP hydrolysis the dyneins change their conformational state (Hirose Amos 2012).3) Describe the most important classes of molecules that participate in common type transduction pathwaysIn signal transduction pathways, extracellular signals such as endocrine glands or other molecules are registered by membrane receptors and the signal is being transferred inside the cell by a set of reactions. This signal transduction can be mediated by two distinct mechanisms. The first one includes the use of receptors, and other proteins including enzymes. The turn one contains a set of molecules which are known as min messengers, that regulate the intracellular signaling (Boon 2009) .The intracellular second messengers, are signal molecules that reach their target by diffusion. They can be change integrity into two different groups, those with a hydrophobic character (diacyl glycerol or phosphatidyl inositol) and the hydrophilic ones. The hydrophobic messenger are located on the membrane and they can reach the proteins located on the membrane by diffusing through the plasma membrane of the cell. The hydrophilic messengers are located in the cytoplasm and their targets are located in the cytosol as well (Boon 2009).The most important second messengers incl ude the cAMP, cGMP, inositol phosphates, calcium ions, diacylgrlycerol and phosphatidyl inositol phosphates.3-5 cyclic AMP (cAMP)Is among the most important second messengers and regulates a variety of cellular functions, such as glycolysis, muscle contraction and ion transport. The intracellular concentration of cAMP is regulated by two factors, the adenylyl cyclase and the phopshodiestarases. The former is important for the cAMP synthesis while the latter for its degradation. The activation of adenylyl cyclase is dependent to G-protein coupled receptors and involves the participation of G and G proteins. The degradation of cAMP mediated by cAMP phosphodiesterases, which are being regulated by Ca2+/calmodulin and also by phosphorylation (Boon 2009).In the majority of the cases, the target of the high cAMP concentration is the activation of protein kinases A (PKAs). Initially, in the absence of cAMP the PKA is organize as a tetramer, with two catalytic and two catalytic subunits, a nd the protein kinase is inactive. When cAMP concentration is increased by adenylyl cyclase, leads to the backrest of two molecules to the regulatory subunit and the tetramer dissociation and activation of PKA (Boon 2009).cGMPIn the same manner with cAMP, the 3-5-cGMP is extensively spread in the intracellular space. Like in the case of cAMP , the cGMP is formed by guanylyl cyclase from GTP. The cGMP can activate cGMP-dependent protein kinases, after binding to specific locations. In contrast to the PKA kinases, the activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinases is dependent to only one protein chain of these proteins. Specifically, the binding of the cGMP to the regulatory domain of the protein, activates it and permits phosphorylation of other substrates (Boon 2009).Inositol PhosphatesThe inositol containing phospho lipoids located in the plasma membrane, are the starting points for the production of many inositol messengers as a response to extracellular or even intracellular sig nals. The inositol phosphates are important players for the regulation of phospholipase C, which is a very important enzyme in the metabolism of phosphatide inositol. Another important function of these phosphates, is the recruitment of Ca2+ ions that are inside storage organelles, such as mitochondria. The calcium ions are among the most ubiquitous targets of second messengers, and regulate a vast array of actions (Boon 2009).Calcium ionsThe calcium ions can have a regulatory character in many ways, according to the time, frequency and amount of release rate. This feature, explains the complexity of Ca2+ signals. Still it is not understood how oscillatory calcium signals are regulating various processes. It has been suggested that CaM kinase II participates in the formation of repetitive calcium signals. The high intracellular concentration of calcium is temporary and usually a local anaesthetic phenomenon. The cell contains a variety of transport systems, which can transfer the c alcium ions inside the storage locations. These transfer mechanisms are Ca2+ ATPases, which transfer calcium against the concentration gradient. Another mechanism, is the sodium-calcium exchange proteins which are mostly apparent in muscle cells (Boon 2009).Diacylglycerol and phospatidyl inositol phosphatesThe diacylglycerol is being produced by the metabolism of the membrane phosphatidyl inositol phosphate, after the effect of two distinct enzymes, the PLC and PLC. The diacylglycerol (DAG) is then responsible for activating the protein kinase C, which plays an important role in cell proliferation through phosphorylation of various substrate proteins (Boon 2009).Except of DAG, the metabolism of phosphatidyl inositol diphosphate, produces the inositol triphosphate, which increases intracellular calcium levels by binding to specific receptors (Boon 2009).Conclusively, signal transduction is a highly regulated mechanism, which permits the transmission of an extracellular signal inside the cell, and a subsequent cellular response. Among the most important molecules that are participating in this process, we distinguished some members of the family of the second messengers, such as calcium ions, diacyl glycerol and phosphatidyl inositol.4) Describe the steps of neurotransmission.The process of neurotransmission can be divided into five distinct steps. The first includes the synthesis of the neurotransmitter, the second the storage of the neurotransmitter into transport vesicles, the third the influx of calcium and exocytosis of neurotransmitter, the fourth the binding of the neurotransmitter at the postsynaptic membrane and the fifth the deactivation of the neurotransmitter.The low weight neurotransmitters are synthesized in the cytoplasm of the cell, where enzymes act and convert them into mature neurotransmitters. These enzymes are produced in the neuronal cell body and are transferred to the presynaptic final stage via the slow axonal transfer system. When th e new transmitters are synthesized in the cytoplasm, certain mechanisms need to follow for transporting them to the synaptic membrane. On the other hand, the neuropeptides which is the other course of known neurotransmitters, are produced in the neuronal cell body, and need to be transferred a long distance in order to reach the site of secretion. For this reason, they are transported from the soma of the neuron to the presynaptic terminal with the fast axonal transport (Hyman et al. 2009).The small-molecule neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine and amino acids, are stored into vesicles of 40-60 nm diameter. The primary characteristic of these vesicles, is that in electron micrographs they appear with a clear center area. The storage, requires specific proteins which are located in the membrane of the synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic neuron, the vesicle monoamine membrane transporters (VMAT). In contrast to the small-molecule neurotransmitters, the neuropeptides, are stored into synaptic vesicles with a larger size (90 to 250 nm). In electron micrographs, they seem to have a center relatively more dense than the synaptic vesicles of the small neurotransmitters (Purves et al. 2001). subsequently the influx of calcium into the pre-synaptic cytoplasm, it begins the process of neurotransmitter release. The first step of this exocytosis, includes the docking of the synaptic vesicle membrane at the active zones plasma membrane. The second step is priming. This corresponds to an ATP dependent maturation of the synaptic vesicles that are being docked in the membrane of the active zone but cant be induce by Ca2+. The result of this maturation, is that the primed vesicles can immediately release their content after a Ca2+ influx. The third step of this process includes the fusion of the synaptic vesicle with the presynaptic membrane, which allows the exocytosis to happen. In this step, the function of the protein synaptotagmin is of high importance, since it sen ses the levels of Ca2+ and regulates with this way the fusion of the vesicles. The final step of this step includes the quantal release of the neurotransmitter with a mechanism of exocytosis. The exocytosis is synchronized with the influx of Ca2+ and its induction is controlled by the depolarization of the establishment terminal. After the release of neurotransmitter at the synaptic cleft, the membrane of the vesicle will be recycled with a process of endocytosis (Hyman et al. 2009).After the exocytosis, the neurotransmitter starts to disperse across the synaptic cleft and targets the post-synaptic neuron and its receptors which are localized on the membrane. The binding of the neurotransmitter to the postsynaptic membrane, will cause both biochemical and electrical alterations. Specifically, an excitatory signal will depolarize the membrane and thus a positive charge will pass inside the cell. This depolarization is caused by the inauguration of sodium conduct located on the p ost-synaptic membrane, which permits the influx of sodium ions across the membrane. On the other hand, an inhibitory signal will hyperpolarize the cell, and thus a positive charge will flow with a direction outside of the cell. This hyperpolarization is induced by an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) which cause the influx of chloride ions, which make the membrane potential more negative and the propagation of the action potential significantly more difficult (Hyman et al. 2009).When a neurotransmitter finishes its function, the next step is to be removed from the synaptic cleft. When the local neurotransmitter concentration falls, the neurotransmitter unbounds from the post-synaptic receptor. After this, the neurotransmitter can be either degraded by specific enzymes, or reuptaken by high affinity receptors. The latter corresponds to the most common way of neurotransmitter removal, and includes the reincorporation of the neurotransmitter into the pre-synaptic terminal by end ocytosis. This permits the neurotransmitter to be recycled inside the cell. The remaining percentage of neurotransmitters, follows the other path of removal which corresponds to the enzymatic degradation. A characteristic enzyme is acetylcholinesterase (AChE) which degrades the neutrotransmitter acetylcholine into acetate and choline. Another examples of such enzymes include catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) (Naik 2015).5) Describe with examples the major mechanisms of action of the different types of neurotransmitter and endocrine gland receptors.In 1907, the physiologist Langley, introduced the aspect of receptor molecules, in order to explain specific properties of molecules on muscle and nerve cells. The neurotransmitter receptors are proteins located in the post-synaptic plasma membrane and contain an extracellular site, specific for the binding of a neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitters, have two distinct families of receptors. The first one, th e ligand-gated ion channel or ionotropic receptors, combine the properties of ion channels by having also a neurotransmitter binding domain on their outer part of the membrane. The other family of receptors, are the metabotropic receptors, because the movement of ions depends on certain metabolic steps. The important difference of these channels with the ionotropic channels, is that they dont have an ion channel in their structure, in contrast they have a domain which affects the channels through activation of G proteins, and these receptors G protein coupled receptors (Purves et al. 2001).G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane protein signaling molecules. The activation of these proteins can be achieved by various ligands, thus modulating the activity of a diverse set of signaling pathways (Kobilka 2007). Nowadays, it is estimated that the human organism contains approximately 800 unique GPCRs, and the 460 of them are assumed to be olfactory recepto rs (Fredriksson et al. 2003). Their main characteristic is that they contain seven transmembrane-spanning segments, which coordinate the position of the proteins N-terminus at the extracellular space and C-terminus at the intracellular space.Studies in neuromuscular synapse, have demonstrated in exposit the neurotransmission mechanism. The binding of the acetylcholine to the postsynaptic receptors, leads to the opening of ion channels. Specifically, the binding of two Ach to a receptor, causes an influx of sodium for milliseconds. In real situations, when an action potential reaches a presynaptic neuron, millions of ACh molecules are secreted into the synaptic cleft. As a result, a high number of AChs will bind to numerous receptors, located on the postsynaptic membrane. The opening of these channels will cause the membrane to depolarize, and the opening of voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels (Purves et al. 2001).When the postsynaptic membrane potential becomes more negativ e even from the resting potential, the end plate current increases, and decreases when the membrane potential is more positive. At very positive potential, there is a reverse polarity which cause the current to convert form an inward to an outward one (Purves et al. 2001).The other category that we will discuss, the hormones, are produced most of the times by specific cells, and initiate a reaction in certain cell types. Only the cells that have hormone receptors, can be used as hormone target cells. These receptors, recognize certain hormones according to their chemical structure. The classes of these receptors are two, the membrane bound receptors, which are transmembrane proteins and the second category the intracellularly localized receptors which are intracellular receptors (Boon 2009).The membrane bound receptors have an extracellular domain which is linked with an intracellular one. The binding of a hormone are following the rules of noncovalent interactions. In general, sign aling molecules for example adrenaline, binds to their receptors with a very high affinity, even higher than the one observed between an enzyme and a substrate. After the binding and the recognition of adrenaline by the receptor, this signal is converted into an intracellular signal, which targets the nuclear compartment. According to the type of the receptors which will bind, adrenaline can cause inhibition of insulin secretion, glycogenolysis and glycolysis (Boon 2009).Furthermore, the hormone insulin, uses for signal transduction a set of tyrosine kinases receptors. The receptors that have tyrosine kinase (TK) activity (RTKs), contain a specific domain for binding ligand molecules located on the extracellular side. Inside the lipid bilayer there is a single alpha-helical element, and inside the cytosol another part that harbors a TK domain. When the RTKs are not bound with the ligand molecule, most of them are in their monomeric state. The only elision of this paradigm is the in sulin receptor and in general its family members. When extracellular stimulus is absent, in our case insulin, the kinase domain of the receptors remains in its inactive, auto inhibited state. In this phase, the receptors either have very low kinase activity, or they havent at all. After the binding of insulin on the receptor, the consequent transformational changes that lead to the activation of the TK domain. The activation process of TK includes a trans-autosphorylation of tyrosine residues at segments inside and outside of the TK domain. 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