A Virtual Training Environment Essay -- Gaming

Technology has become a huge part of the way we live. As the years move on, we are becoming more technologically advanced, and part of that progression is due to the fact that we are using avenues that we would have overlooked 20 years ago. One of these avenues is the use of video games in nonconventional ways, like supplementing a real class room for a virtual one, to help ease some of the social anxiety of those with Aspersers and Autism, and to assist in the training our troops, utilizing a safe and cost effective environment. Unfortunately, these methods have been questioned, by those weary of the dominant presence technology has taken in this new generation of youth; however, all of these pathways are helping solve a real problem with aid of virtual environments. One innovative way virtual environments have been implemented is the use of video games to aid in making learning and teaching situations more comfortable. This new style of education is made possible with the use of virtual classrooms in the massive multiplayer online game, MMO, Second Life (SL). Through the use of this fully virtual world, we are now able to teach tangible skills to others. In â€Å"Using Second Life to enhance classroom management practice in teacher education†, Jennifer Mahon et al. explored this theory. They established that, â€Å"Overall, the results of this study suggest that using SL for a simulation of classroom management is promising (130)†. Because is it always easier to learn in an atmosphere where one feels relaxed and comfortable, this use of Second Life shows great potential. By using online games this way it is allowing not only new teachers, but veteran teachers as well to gain or brush up on skills they need as educators interacting with... ...re will prosper. Works Cited Bauerlein, Mark. The Dumbest Generation: how the digital age stupefies young Americans and jeopardizes our future (or, don’t trust anyone under 30). New York: Penguin Group Orvis, A Karin, et all. â€Å"An Examination of the Role Individual Differences Play in Videogame- Based Training.† Military Psychology 21.4 (2009): 461-467. Academic Search Complete. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. Mahon, Jennifer, et al. â€Å"Using Second Life to enhance classroom management practice in teacher education.† Educational Media International 47.2 (2010): 121-132. Academic Search Complete. Web. 16 APR. 2012. Mitchell, Peter, et al. â€Å"Using Virtual Environments for Teaching Social Understanding to 6 Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorders.† Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 37.3 (2007): 589-599. Academic Search Complete. Web. 16 APR. 2012.

Children of Incarcerated Parents

Effects on Children of Incarcerated Fathers Most of the prisons in America are overcrowded. They are overcrowded with men, most of which are fathers and nearly half of these incarcerated fathers were living with their child or children before going to prison. The effects on these children can be detrimental. This can also cause strained relationships with the mothers or other family members doing their best to take care of these children while their father is away.There can be social as well as emotional problems, but luckily there are many states that are trying to accommodate for the parent being gone with programs and camps for these children. Many social issues occur with a child of an incarcerated father as they grow older. It is common knowledge that if a parent or any caregiver disappears from a child’s life, that child’s attachment to that person will diminish. It is hard to establish a child’s trust and takes time, so if a parent disappears that the chil d has depended on, it can affect the future of the child.He/she may grow up thinking they cannot get too close to someone, fearing they’ll lose that person. A lot of behavioral problems can also occur in a child. This may happen at home, in school, or in the streets. â€Å"Absence of the father is associated more with ‘acting out’ behavior (such as hostility, use of drugs or alcohol, running away, school truancy, discipline problems, aggressive acts and involvement in delinquent activities (Rosenburg 2009). † Being antisocial is looked at as a list of multiple behaviors that disrupt normalcy. As the child of an incarcerated parent grows to be an adolescent, there may be even more social problems.Now the child is growing up and can get into more trouble for their social deviance. When it comes to getting in trouble, they may use excuses to cause them to get into more trouble. After all, what excuse is better than, â€Å"My dad did it? † It is very sa d when kids are isolated socially from their peers because of their situation; even when it is not their fault. There was a study done in Oregon with 22 children with incarcerated fathers. Within this group, six children admitted they had no friends and four of these children said other parents would not allow their kids to play with them because there â€Å"dad was in jail. These children grow up with feelings of shame, embarrassment, and mixtures of hope and fears of their relationships with their fathers, which leads them to be treated differently as they grow older. A father being gone in prison is also a huge financial strain on their families. Whether it be from the father having a job (legal or illegal), the family still depends on that income to help support the family. A lot of families need help through Public Aid to get through these difficult times. The family turns to food stamps, medical assistance, and child care assistance.There are also many emotional issues that o ccur for a child dealing with a father in prison. Sometimes the child or children stay with another caregiver while their father(s) is/are in prison. It becomes way harder for the mother alone to maintain a household if she has relied on the father for help and support. This can cause emotional problems with the caregiver the child is staying with. There are many kids that are taken care of by their grandparents, other relatives, friends, or even foster care.These kids can become unstable very quickly because if there is no relative to take care of them, they have to immediately be placed in foster care because they become dependents of the juvenile court. They are automatically thrust into a more stable household, but because that is what they are not used to, their personalities become shaky. â€Å"The 1980 Federal Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Reform Act mandate that children who are placed in foster care must either be returned to their parents or placed with long-term guardians within 12-18 months (Hairston 2007). This gives the parents a chance to fix what they have done and realize what they are doing to their children, so they do not have to go through more emotional hardships. When abruptly removing a child from their father is ignoring the emotional needs of that child/children. They end up feeling vulnerable, alone, and frightened While being a father in prison, it is still necessary to establish a parental connection with their son or daughter. It has been said that it is most beneficial to have both parents in the child’s life. They must create their own role even though they are behind bars.A study showed that most incarcerated fathers have feelings of â€Å"helplessness and difficulties in being a ‘good father (Rosenburg 2009). † There are many reasons why the fathers may feel this way. A lot of mothers refuse to bring the children to a prison or jail, but a lot of mothers may have a problem with finances, transporta tion, or time. There are strict rules and codes to follow when visiting a prisoner, so it would be difficult for a child to act normally with their father. Waiting times can be long, children will be frisked, and chances are it will be hot, dirty, and crowded.The caregiver may say that is emotionally scarring and the visiting can have a bad influence on the child. When a father is sent away, he is not sent to a prison in accordance with the family’s home. For those that are close, they are lucky, but if a person is in the state’s Department of Corrections, they can be sent anywhere in the state. When these fathers are taken away, the children receive little or no support on how to deal with their grief, loss, anger, shame, and fear. Depending on where the father is in prison, different programs can be available.There are parent education courses- which most prisons teach special parent-child visits, child-oriented visiting activities, parent support groups, and custody and parental rights services. These programs are designed to develop and strengthen attachments, provide access to services, and address the issues that face the incarcerated parent when it comes to parenting. There is also a service for father behind bars that provides publications on self-help support groups. It serves many prisons with incarcerated fathers in the US and Canada.There are more and more states doing something to lessen the impact of a parent going to prison on the child. States are now addressing the needs of a child at the time a parent is arrested. New laws are now requiring more extensive training to ensure the safety of a child at the time of arrest. Some states are also requiring judges to now consider the effects of a parent’s incarceration on the child. â€Å"One Tennessee judge routinely requests that a video of the father interacting with the child accompany family impact statements (Christian 2009). Some policies are being imposed to require child -friendly visiting areas within prisons and jails, training correctional officers to have a better understanding of visiting children, and reducing the cost of maintaining contact. Welfare agencies in New York are now requiring arrangements to be made for the child to keep a meaningful relationship with that child, unless there is clear evidence that a relationship would be detrimental to the child. These arrangements would include transportation and providing social and rehabilitative services to resolve or correct the roblems which prohibit normal contact with the child. Most normal parenting classes do not meet the needs of incarcerated parents. If these programs want to succeed in decreasing criminal activities, they need to be more specific to maintaining a presence in a child’s life. There are nurseries and different accommodations for mothers that are incarcerated, so why not fathers? In New York, there is a facility called The Bedford Hills Correctional Facility. They also have a children’s center with their own building, which allows overnight and summer visits for older children.There are inmate caregivers that work as associates in the center, which have gone through an accredited program that prepares graduates to teach in an accredited nursery anywhere in the country. There is a dayroom designed for the kids to play and the other inmates to form new friendships. It is an excellent opportunity for these children to make new friendships with other children going through the same thing. Why should these only be applied to women inmates with children? It is no surprise that fathers are just as important in a child’s life as a mother is.If there were more daycare centers for men’s prisons, there would probably be less violence and problems within the population of the prison. If the Department of Corrections would give these men an incentive for their good behavior to see their families in a more â€Å"home-like† sett ing, there would be a lot less lockdowns. Many issues occur within a child when their father goes to prison. There will be social and emotional problems, including anger, depression, shame, and guilt. They will be socially isolated and for any child, that is not a positive thing in their life.Although these issues have been going on for a long time, states are now presenting new laws and implications for families with an incarcerated father. Little changes in the judicial system will help keep these kids out of trouble and continue to maintain a strong relationship with their father. Having two parents is the best basis for raising a child and even if one of the parents is absent, it is still best to maintain a paternal bond with the child. As a single mother of a child that has been raising a child going through this, I have constantly kept in contact with my daughter’s father.I understand the importance of having a family and one day, they will be able to have a normal rela tionship with each other. I understand the programs and meetings he attends in the prisons within the Illinois Department of Corrections to become a better person and a better father. If I don’t believe in him, his daughter will never believe either. I have admired my dad ever since I can remember and I want my daughter to feel the same way about her father as I always have. References Christian, S. (2009, March).Children of incarcerated parents. Retrieved January 30, 2013, from http://www. ncsl. org/documents/cyf/childrenofincarceratedparents. pdf Hairston, C. F. (2007, October). Focus on children with incarcerated parents. Retrieved from http://www. fcnetwork. org/AECFOverview%20of%20the%20Research%20Literature. pdf Shlafer, R. J. , & Rosenburg, J. (2010). Attachment and caregiving relationships in families affected by parental incarceration. Attachment & Human Development, 12(4), 395-415. doi:10. 1080/14616730903417052

Performance Enhancement Drugs For American Sports

The growing issue of performance-enhancement drugs in American sports today brings about an image that all performance drugs are unhealthy. However, not all performance enhancement drugs are hurtful. The real issue of performance drugs is medical need versus physical want. Moreover, performance-enhancement drugs should still be allowed but with restrictions. The first issue of performance-enhancement drugs (PED) and probably the most recognized PEDs are the use of anabolic steroids.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦anabolic steroids may provide distinct benefit in size, strength, and stamina† (McCloskey). Anabolic agents are those that promote the growth of muscle, while androgenic agents are those that promote the development of male characteristics such as a†¦show more content†¦These elements remove all of the excess water that the body may be holding. Use of diuretics can not only it can lead to great weight loss, but it can also dilutes the urine which causes drug test to come up neg ative even if the athlete is using illegal drugs such as marijuana or cocaine. A final supplement that one may use is Creatine. Creatine is a nutritional supplement that basically makes it so more water goes into ones muscles during a workout. â€Å"Some athletes use creatine to try to improve their performance in sports that involve short muscle bursts of intense activity† (Robinson). Creatine is probably one of the safest supplements out there if fact, it is offered over the counter at stores such as Costco or the local Nutrishop. Although it has not really been tested, there have also been no complaints about this supplement. Now like every other aspect of the world, PEDs do come with positive and negative effects. Positive effects of PEDs are, for one, they help the body build muscle faster. This makes the individual stronger with less effort. Some performance enhancing drugs also increase muscle mass; performance enhancing drugs give athletes more energy and increase end urance. â€Å"Athletes turn to stimulants, supplements, steroids, and human growth hormones (HGH) for a variety of reasons [†¦] Athletes may seek chemical help in making their training more effective or in helping them fight off fatigue and soreness

Obama Won On Minority Votes - 1268 Words

Obama won on minority votes. He only won 39% of the white vote in 2012, and presumably Hillary Clinton would have greater support amongst white voters; since she quite frankly does not look like the president. As it stands now according to a WSJ poll, the Secretary has slightly lower favorability numbers than the president among white voters (Zitner). But, this question is being asked in the vacuum of yes or no favorability of one candidate, contrary to Election Day where voters would be picking between her and someone else. In that case the Secretary should pick up white women voters who would prefer her to the GOP candidate. However, she cannot focus on picking up white votes at the expense of minority votes. The Black vote in†¦show more content†¦This is excellent news for the Secretary’s hope of winning minority voters in the general due to her ability to win them over in this early stage. However, Secretary Clinton must find ways to preserve this level of s upport. African American voter turnout had record highs of 65% and 66% in ’08 and ’12 respectively (Walter,1). While this turnout was a piece of a larger trend, the chance to vote for the first black President could have overinflated these numbers. Obama pulled down 95% and 93% of the black vote in the general elections, and Sec. Clinton must find a way to replicate those results. She will not have the support based on shared demographics that the president benefitted from. The secretary is a rich white woman and that demographic difference from her predecessor will require her to find different ways to connect to this voting bloc. Specifically, she will need to run a color conscious campaign, in contrast to the relatively color blind campaigns that the President ran. How can she run a color conscious campaign without alienating the white voters? She just needs to follow these three points. First, win the endorsements of noncontroversial black figures. She has already begun this process by gaining support from Magic Johnson, John Legend, and Pharrell Williams. She also isn’t just picking up celebrity support, she also has earned endorsements from Senator Cory Booker, and Representative John Lewis. These could be considered

Essay about Cyber Culture and The Future of Print

Cyber Culture and The Future of Print How has writing and the way we read changed in the last fifty years? Technology, reading, and writing has changed greatly over the last five decades, but how much has it affected our culture? Technology has become our culture, we are cyber culture. We need everything as fast as we can get it, somehow we’ve lost the time through the years to read and write as we once did. Computers have changed the way we work, go to college, shop and so many other day to day events. Many people work at home through their computers and the internet, they never even have to step into an office. It gives people the freedom to work when they choose, they could stay up all night and sleep all day. I think it could†¦show more content†¦It seems like we are heading in that direction. Soon it seems like most people won’t even need to leave their house to shop. So many people shop through the internet that many stores would not be needed you could buy groceries to cars now on the internet. The internet makes it easy to get whatever you want, if you can not find it locally, now even small town people have access to neat specialty stores that before only big cities offered. I use to think that I could never live in a rural area, because I like having unique things and shopping at unique stores. The internet has made it possible to have whatever you want where ever you live and that has changed life in a small town. You no longer have to take the time to shop, you just get on the web and buy whatever your heart desires. Ask someone to not use their computer for a week, they wouldn’t know what to do with themselves. Now days it’s like asking someone not to use their telephone. If I didn’t check my email in week I’d have at least one hundred emails, mostly junk. It seems that most people now days communicate by the internet more then writing letters, it almost seems old-fashioned to write letters. It is convenient to just send an email, the other party gets it immediately, no waiting three to four days for a letter and paying thirty-seven cents to mail. Sven Birkerts talks about it in his essay Into the Electronic Millennium â€Å"This shift is happening throughout ourShow MoreRelated Cyber Culture: The Future of Print Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagesminutes into the future (Landow 214). Books are no longer the sole resource for information gathering and communicating. A whole new system for conveying information has taken place. In many ways, we have, for better or worse, already moved beyond the book. Even on the crudest, most materialist standard involving financial returns, we no longer find it at the center of our culture as the primary means of recording and disseminating information and entertainment (Landow 215). Cyber culture, particularlyRead MoreCyber Warfare : The Threat Of The United State s National Security1313 Words   |  6 PagesCyber Warfare Warfare can be defined as engaging in war or conflict. There are many different categories of warfare. More commonly known types include guerilla warfare, land warfare, aerial warfare, and naval warfare. Although when war is mentioned many minds wander to these forms of warfare, there are others that are not always as obvious. A rapidly growing type of warfare is cyber warfare. Cyber warfare can be defined as attacks from other nations to tap in to or destroy any type of informationRead MoreCyber Software, Inc.1503 Words   |  7 PagesCyber Security I will first like to share with you some of the Cyber Software, Inc. Cyber Software, Inc. has been one of the strongest security company laser-focused on illuminating any cyber threats, those that can target the heart of the enterprise. Since our first goal is to stop attacks before they stop business, harm innocent people by stealing their information, or causing losses in any other different way Cyber Software, Inc. for many decades has been trusted by the world’s leading companiesRead MoreAnalysing Movies that Have to Do with Marxism, Panopticism and Globalization1693 Words   |  7 Pagesname implies, is a broad and far reaching discipline which takes into account many fields of study, ideas and theories. Popular culture, a branch of cultural studies; looks into the transformation of culture as it is continuously molded through the devices of language, symbols and theories. In todays world, however, globalization has become a major concern as cultures from around the world are becoming meshed together resulting a new world order (or disorder as implied by Barker). The concernsRead MoreSocial Media: Two Sides to the Penny782 Words   |  4 PagesMySpace, Facebook, Skype and much more. Social media rel ates to the term well known in our country today as Globalization. Globalization is also the idea that we can be connected. Social media gives an opportunity for people to branch out and share cultures and practice through the web just as globalization encourages everyone to be connected. Social media has blossomed over the years in every direction possible. One of the reasons social media is popular today is because it allows you to interactRead MoreIncreasing Violence in Youth Culture Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesIncreasing Violence in Youth Culture In Bradbury’s dystopian classic, Fahrenheit 451, Clarisse says â€Å" ‘I’m afraid of children my own age. They kill each other’ † (Bradbury 27). Bradbury claims through Fahrenheit 451 that our society is becoming increasingly violent in youth’s culture. Furthermore, common sense seems to dictate that as technology advances violence, increases as well. Although schools are considered to be the safest places for children, media, behavioral problems, and influences insideRead MoreVirtual Reality and the Gaming Industry1363 Words   |  6 Pagesisolation, a playground for immortality (Kershner 1995). Virtual Reality game brings physical and psychological difficulties when they over run and it could be called as cyber sickness. VR interventions were able to increase physical activity capacity and performance in children with CP (Cerebral palsy) or early brain injury. Cyber sickness is one of the physiological impacts during or after immersion in a virtual environment. This sickness is primarily caused because of the conflicts between threeRead MoreThe Eternal Effects of Cyber Bullying1196 Words   |  5 Pagesfor lunch money, candy or other intimidation factors by pint size tormentors. The digital age is clearly revolutionary, it defines a lifestyle and culture in todays world that also lends itself to advancements such as cyber bullying, allowing predators of all ages to interrupt what should be the safe haven in life; home. The eternal effects of cyber bullying on the victim and their families is potentially fatal as pointed out in the May 2013, Journal of Youth and Adolescence article by, publishedRead MoreImpacts of Social Media on German Youth by Nazis1026 Words   |  4 PagesSocial media is used for the connection of their users and their communication through the Internet (Prof. Dr. Oliver Bendel). One can see that the definition is nearly the same although the people descend from completely different countries and cultures. Additionally, there was a big change in the use of social media in the last years, which was influenced by the fast development of technology. The influence of social media differs from country to country and the impacts, advantages and disadvantagesRead MoreThe Art of Mariko Mori: The Use of Body as a Subject Matter to Represent Issues of Identity and Culture in Her Society1174 Words   |  5 PagesHow has the artist used the body as a subject matter to represent issues of identity ad culture in his/her society? Mariko Mori (born in Tokyo in 1967) is considered one of the major young representatives in the contemporary art scene. She worked as a fashion designer before and this inspired many of her later works. Mariko Mori uses her body to explore the instability of identity by presenting herself in glittering, self-designed costumes in extremely out of the world settings, juxtaposing

Revenue Outstanding Measured as the Weeks Billing Outstanding Free Essays

MEASURING OUTSTANDING REVENUE AS WEEKS BILLING OUTSTANDING By SACHIN GHOGLE Introduction Financial management focuses in finding the value in accounts receivable by emphasizing on improving the collections process and hence accelerating the cash flow. ‘Revenue Outstanding’ is the amount due from the customer as a result of an organisation’s normal business operation, that is, it is the amount that has been billed by organisations and is due, but which has not been collected. The management of ‘Revenue Outstanding’ is an important source of cash and hence an important parameter that the management should measure. We will write a custom essay sample on Revenue Outstanding Measured as the Weeks Billing Outstanding or any similar topic only for you Order Now The estimation of time to recoup the revenue outstanding is important to determine the profit of any organisation. Most prefer to receive payment immediately rather than to wait for it, especially because sometimes payment is never made in the latter scenario. There is no one general technique to estimate the time to recoup the revenue that can be adopted by all the organisations. It varies from organisation to organisation depending on the nature of business and the needs and strategies of the management. Although there is no certainty of receiving payments from all the customers, organisations use various methods to calculate the revenue outstanding or the payment that will be recovered later at a any particular point of time. The Weeks Billing Outstanding (WBO) measure calculates the revenue outstanding based on the total number of week’s billings required to recoup current Revenue Outstanding. The WBO is an important financial parameter, which shows the age in weeks, in an organization’s accounts receivable and is defined in terms of the average time taken to convert the outstanding revenue into cash. The WBO measure helps the management to measure the effectiveness of collection activities and alert the management with problem accounts. If the WBO is low, then less time is spent to collect outstanding revenue. By quickly converting the billings into cash, the organisation can reinvest this cash and convert it into profits. 1 The WBO Measure A payer is responsible to pay for the services used. The total outstanding revenue of a payer is the sum of invoiced amount minus the cash received against some of the invoices minus the unallocated cash/ payments received as advance or prepayment from the payer. Some organisations report the outstanding revenue as being outstanding from the date of the invoice as opposed to the ‘due date’ of the payment. The Weeks Billing Outstanding is the total number of days billings corresponding to the payer required to recoup the current outstanding revenue for the payer divided by number of days in a week. WBO = DBO/7 This WBO is calculated for an individual payer level whereas the management needs the overall WBO for a single business unit or a particular territory. There are three methods to calculate the overall WBO for a single business unit. The overall WBO (Method 1) for a single business unit or a particular territory can then be calculated as the average of the WBO for all the payers within the corresponding business unit or territory. The overall WBO (Method 2) for a single business unit can be more accurately calculated from the business perspective by considering the weighted average of the individual WBO over an important business parameter (for example, the accumulated revenue over the past one year). These two methods can showcase the weak link or the strong link affecting the outstanding revenue. After identifying the weak link, the management can focus on the weak payers to reduce their outstanding revenue and to improve the overall cash flow within the system. The overall WBO (Method 3) can be calculated as the total number of days billings (cumulative for all the payers within the business unit) required to recoup the current total outstanding revenue for the business unit (cumulative for all the payers). Though this method cannot point the weak link, it is more accurate. 2 How to use WBO Measure Reference Date: 01 March 2008 Listed below are the aggregated Invoice figures for a Payer P1 Invoiced Amount $80,000 Cash Received $20,000 Open Amount $60,000 Unallocated Cash / Payments $15,000 Outstanding Revenue $45,000 Open Amount = Invoiced Amount – Cash Received Outstanding Revenue = Open Amount – Unallocated Cash / Payments Received US $45000 is the Outstanding Revenue from a Payer P1 Listed below is the Billing Details against Payer P1 Billing Date 1-Mar-2008 29-Feb-2008 28-Feb-2008 27-Feb-2008 26-Feb-2008 25-Feb-2008 24-Feb-2008 23-Feb-2008 22-Feb-2008 21-Feb-2008 20-Feb-2008 19-Feb-2008 18-Feb-2008 17-Feb-2008 16-Feb-2008 15-Feb-2008 14-Feb-2008 13-Feb-2008 Billing Amount $0 $0 $0 $1,000 $500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $2,000 $0 $0 $0 $2,000 Cumulative Billing Amount $0 $0 $0 $10,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $55,000 DAYNUM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 This chart shows that a Billing of amount $55,000 against a Payer P1 which is greater that the outstanding revenue $45,000 from a payer P1is achieved after 18 days of billing counted from March 1, 2008. Thus the days billing outstanding that will be required to recoup the outstanding revenue is 18 days. 3 Hence the week s billing outstanding that will be required to recoup the outstanding revenue will be calculated as follows: WBO = DBO / 7 = 18 / 7 = 2. 57 Similarly, the WBO for each payer can be calculated. Consider the calculated WBO figures for n Payers to be as follows: Payer P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 †¦ †¦ Pn WBO 4 2 15. 5 1. 5 1 0. 5 And the Management is interested in the Overall WBO measure for a business unit or a territory. Method 1 Overall WBO can be calculated as the average of the WBO’s of all the payers within the particular Business unit or territory. The overall WBO hence will be ? 1-N WBO ————N N = Total number of Payers The Overall WBO = (4 + 2 + 15. 5 + 1. 5 + 1 + 0. 5)/6 = 4. 09 The Overall WBO is 4. 9 even though the WBO for Payer P3 is 15. 5 4 Method 2 Now let us consider the following chart. Payer P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 †¦ †¦ Pn WBO 4. 5 2 15. 5 3. 5 1 0. 5 Accumulated revenue over the past 1 year ( In Millions) 0. 5 1 50 5 2 0. 2 ? 1-n (WBO X Acc. Rev) . 25 2 775 17. 5 2 0. 1 x The considerations of a business parameter, here the Accumulated Revenue over the past one year for each of these payers will alter the view in which the WBO is to be measured from a management perspective. The management weighs payer P3 about 15 times more than payer P5 as the revenue accumulated from payer P3 is approximately 15 times more than that from payer P1. As the WBO for Payer P3 is high compared to the Overall WBO calculated in Method 1, the alternative to improve the calculation is to use a Weighted average of the WBO as opposed to the normal average. As per the new formula Overall WBO = ? 1-n (WBO X Acc. Rev) ——————————-? 1-n (Acc. Rev) Overall WBO = ( 2. 25 + 2 + 775 + 17. 5 + 2 + 0. 1) ——————————————-(0. 5 + 1 + 50 + 5 + 5 + 2 + 0. 2 ) = 798. 85 / 58. 7 = 13. 61 The new Overall WBO is now closer to the WBO of the Payer P3 who is a major payer for the organization. 5 Method 3 Listed below are the aggregated Invoice figures for a single business unit Invoiced Amount $1. 50 Cash Received $0. 80 Open Amount $0. 70 Unallocated Cash / Payments $0. 20 Outstanding Revenue $0. 50 $0. 5 million is the overall outstanding revenue for the business unit Listed below is the overall Billing Details for the business unit Billing Date -Mar-2008 29-Feb-2008 28-Feb-2008 27-Feb-2008 26-Feb-2008 25-Feb-2008 24-Feb-2008 23-Feb-2008 22-Feb-2008 21-Feb-2008 20-Feb-2008 19-Feb-2008 18-Feb-2008 17-Feb-2008 16-Feb-2008 15-Feb-2008 14-Feb-2008 13-Feb-2008 12-Feb-2008 11-Feb-2008 Billing Amount $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 05 $0. 10 $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 07 $0. 00 $0. 05 $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 05 $0. 00 $0. 80 $0. 00 $0. 02 $0. 00 $0. 10 Cumulative Billing Amount $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 05 $0. 15 $0. 15 $0. 15 $0. 15 $0. 22 $0. 22 $0. 27 $0. 27 $0. 27 $0. 32 $0. 32 $0. 40 $0. 40 $0. 42 $0. 42 $0. 52 DAYNUM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 These charts show that a Billing of amount $0. 2 million which is greater that the outstanding revenue $0. 5 million is achieved after 20 days of billing counted from March 1, 2008. Thus the days billing outstanding that will be required to recoup the outstanding revenue is 20 days. Hence the weeks billing outstanding that will be required to recoup the outstanding revenue will be calculated as follows WBO = DBO / 7 = 20 / 7 = 2. 86 6 Based on the pros and cons of the various methods, every organization would select a method to measure its Weeks Billing Outstanding, which wil l form the baseline for their reporting. Then the management has to devise appropriate procedures to gather the required data to implement the selected method. 7 How to cite Revenue Outstanding Measured as the Weeks Billing Outstanding, Papers

Timeline for Music Appreciation free essay sample

Genres: Gregorian Chant, Secular music, Church Music Time period: Church was the center of the musical scene at this time period, most music at the beginning was just vocal and sacred because instruments were not allowed in church at this point in time. As time progressed secular music began to pick up because people wanted to be able to have music outside of church and generally wanted something with a strong steady beat that they could dance to. Gregorian Chant was also developed at this time and was the official music of the roman catholic church, music set to sacred Latin texts, and had a very flexible rhythm. Important events: Black death (1347-52), Rome was sacked by vandals, Beowulf was written, and the first crusades. Composer: Hildegard Von Bingen. Song- O Successors (Gregorian Chant) Renaissance (1450-1600) Genres: Choral music, Motet, and the Mass. Time Period: Many more instruments were introduced during this time period and added a new layer to the music of this period instead of being just vocal music or church music. We will write a custom essay sample on Timeline for Music Appreciation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rhythm of music in this period flowed gently rather than having a sharply defined beat, the melodic lines had greater rhythm independence, and the melody usually moves along a scale with few large leaps. Important events: This time period is most known as the rebirth of human creativity with the intellectual movement being the focus. The belief that people are capable of creating good and beautiful works also known as humanism, this made it a status symbol to be educated because the more that you know the more money that your family had. Composer: Josquin. Song- Ave Maria (Motif) The Baroque Period (1600-1750) Genres: Opera, Orchestra, the Fugue Time period: At this time in history people were living very flamboyant life styles and that really showed in the complexity of the music along with the  decorations and stage work. As for the music it had one mood throughout the entire piece the rhythm patterns are repeated throughout the song, the opening melody will also be heard again and again throughout the song, and the volumes are consistent with sharp changes. Important event: This was a very important time for science and people like Galileo made it so people would no longer just accept what people told them but they would begin to conduct experiments to prove things. Composer: George Frideric Handel. Song- Messiah (Oratorio)